我国部分地区成瘾物质使用的纵向研究 第二部分:非法成瘾物质使用种类及方式  

A LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF PATTERNS AND PREVALENCE ON ADDICTIVE DRUG USE IN GENERAL POPULATION IN FIVE OR SIX AREAS WITH HIGH-PREVALENCE IN CHINA PART TWO: KINDS AND ROUTES OF ILLICIT DRUG USE

作　　者：苏中华[1] 郝伟[2] 肖水源[3] 范长河 谌红献[2] 刘铁桥[2] 杨德森[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省济宁医学院附属第二医院,济宁272150 [2]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011 [3]中南大学公共卫生学院,长沙410038 [4]广州市精神病院,广州510000

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2004年第4期292-296,305,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：国家 973项目 (2 0 0 3C5 15 4 0 0 );国家自然科学基金 (30 370 5 2 2 )

摘　　要：目的 :纵向了解我国部分高发区非法成瘾物质的使用种类和方式 ,监测其变化动态。方法 :整群抽样 ,挨户调查、机构调查与线索调查结合 ,于 1993年、1996年和 2 0 0 0年 3次对 5或 6个高发地区 15a或 15a以上药物滥用者的非法成瘾物质使用种类和使用方式进行调查。结果 :阿片类是我国物质滥用者使用最多的成瘾物质 ,以海洛因和阿片为著 ,3次调查海洛因使用率分别是 5 1 8%、83 1%和 95 9% ,阿片分别是 36 1% ,2 6 4 %和 12 0 %。“追龙”、静脉注射和卷烟吸是 3种主要的滥用方式 ,在 3次调查中 ,前两者应用率分别是 94 9%、6 0 1%、93 5 %和2 9 5 %、31 0 %、2 3 3%。烟草是药物滥用者合并使用率最高的合法成瘾性物质 (91 9%以上 ) ,处方类药物 (包括镇静剂、巴比妥类和苯二氮 艹卓 类 )的合并使用率逐次下降。结论 :上世纪 80年代中后期至上世纪未 ,阿片类物质是我国物质滥用的主要种类 ,使用方式以“追龙”和静脉注射为主 ,提示应加强对物质滥用人群的健康教育 ,预防毒品相关疾病的发生 ,减轻毒品危害。Objective: To determine the kinds and the routes of illicit drug use in general population in five or six areas with high-prevalence in China. Methods: With cluster-sampling and combination of house-hold, cue and institution investigation, surveys on illicit drug use were carried out by trained psychiatrists or psychologists with experience on epidemiology. A total of 585, 1079 and 817 drug abusers screened out of residents aged 15 or above in communities were interviewed in 1993, 1996 and 2000, respectively. Results: Opiates were the main problem drug in China, of which the rates of heroin abuse were 51.8%, 83.1% and 95.9% in 1993, 1996 and 2000 survey, respectively, and those of opiate abuse were 36.1%, 26.4% and 12.0%. Inhalation, venous injection and smoking were the main routes of drug use. The rates of inhalationwere 94.9%, 60.1% and 93.5% among three surveys, respectively, and those of venous injection accounted for 29.5%, 31.0% and 23.3%. The combination of tobacco with drug use was the most popular mode, accounting for more than 91.9%. The rates of combination of prescription drugs, including sedative, barbitals and benzodiazapines, declined as the time went on. Conclusion: Opiates are the dominative illicit drug abused from the mid-1980s to the end of last centuary with inhalation and iv as themain routes in China. The program of health education should be conducted among injecting drug users (IDUs), intending to reduce harm reduction.

关 键 词：非法成瘾物质 流行病学 阿片类物质 使用方式 海洛因滥用 

分 类 号：R595.5[医药卫生—内科学]