Ⅰ-69杨湿心材发生、分布及材性的研究  

Studies on the Occurrence, Distribution and Wood Properties of Wetheartwood in Populus deltoides I-69

作　　者：姜笑梅[1] 张立非[1] 徐邦兴[2] 郑世锴[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 [2]湖北省嘉鱼县林业局 [3]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

出　　处：《林业科学研究》1993年第5期480-485,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：世界银行贷款;国家造林项目

摘　　要：在湖北省嘉鱼县潘家湾,不同生长条件和不同方式种植的I-69杨活立木及原木都有不同程度的湿心材存在。湿心材的比例与土壤水分含量有关,与种植方式和树木生长速度无关。湿心材的存在和变色由细菌活动引起,已分离和鉴定出5种病原菌(Erwinia carotovora Subsp.carotovora,E.rhapontioi (Millard)Burkhold,E.chrysanthemi Burkholder,Bacilluscereus Frankland,B.sphaericus Neide)。电镜观察和材性分析表明,正常材中细菌很少,纹孔膜保存完好,而湿心材的导管-射线间纹孔和管间纹孔膜几乎都被破坏。与正常材相比,湿心材的pH和酸缓冲容量高,抽提物和灰分含量较高,综纤维素和α-纤维素含量略低。湿心材的密度、干缩系数及力学性质都比正常材低,差异极显著。建议进一步研究如何防止细菌的侵入和活动,阻止湿心材和变色材的发生。Wetheartwood can be observed more or less in all living trees or logs of Populus deltoides I -69, in their various gorwth stages no matter how they planted; in Panjiawan,Jiayu County, Hubei Province. The percentage of wetheartwood of a tree is relevant to the water content of soil, but not to the planting method or the growth rate of the tree. The occurrence and discolouration of wetheartwood may be caused by bacteria activity. Five species of bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. rhapontioi (Millard) Burkhold, E. chrysanthemi Burkholder, Bacillus cereus Frankland, B. sphaericus Neidehave) have been isolated and identified. Observation of electron microscopy and the wood properties analysis indicated that the pit membranes of vessel-ray pits and the intervessel pits in wetheartwood were almost destroyed by bacteria. Comparing with the normal wood, the pH and acid buffering capacity, the content of extractives and ash are all higher, but the content of holo-cellulose and a-cellulose are a little lower. Besides, the specific gravity, shrinkage and mechnical properties of wetheartwood are lower than thos of normal wood. It is suggested that the approach of preventing the occurrence of wetheartwood should be further studied.

关 键 词：杨树 湿心材 材性 分布 

分 类 号：S792.110.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]