陆军官兵心理需要的分析  

Analysis of psychological needs by army officers and soldiers

作　　者：王东耀[1] 黄冬梅[2] 刘军[3] 邢安辉[4] 张玉环[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳军区卫生训练基地军政教研室,辽宁大连116017 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院社会心理学系,吉林长春130012 [3]空军大连疗养院心理科,辽宁大连116013 [4]沈阳军区卫生部防疫处,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《第四军医大学学报》2004年第22期2083-2086,共4页Journal of the Fourth Military Medical University

摘　　要：目的 :研究陆军官兵心理需要 ,为部队有关部门科学决策提供心理学依据 .方法 :采用开放式问卷、心理访谈和聚类分析筛选项目 ,编制《军人心理需要问卷》 ,陆军官兵 2 39人有效完成问卷 .结果 :①陆军官兵同时并存多种需要 ,与马斯洛需要层次论不完全吻合 ;② 15种需要因子排序最重要的5项为睡眠及休息、躯体健康、职业环境、自我发展、个人能力 ;③不同职务、不同学历陆军官兵在职业安全和友谊需要上存在显著差异 .结论 :陆军官兵心理需要是多种多样和并存的 ,因此是在部队管理工作或心理疏导工作中 ,应对官兵心理需要加以科学、有效地引导 .AIM: To analyze the psychological needs of the army officers and soldirers and to provide psychological basis for rational policy-making.METHODS: A “questionnaire for the army officers and soldiers psychological needs”was made based on opening questionnaires,psychological interviews,clustering analysis and choosing items, and was used in 234 officers and soldiers. RESULTS: ① Many kinds of simultaneous needs were found, which were not in exact consistency with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. ② Among the fifteen needs,the most important five were: sleep and rest, physical health, occupational environment,self-development, and individual ability. ③ For different ranks and educational levels, the army officers and soldiers were significantly different in needs for occupational security and friendship. CONCLUSION: The psychological needs for the army officers and soldiers are quite different and these needs are multiple. Rational guidance and consultation are needed in the management of military units.

关 键 词：军事人员 精神卫生 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]