脉冲与脉冲稳态复合型强噪声对豚鼠听觉器官的影响  

Effects of Exposure to Impulse Noise and Impulse Noise Plus Highly Intensity Continuous Noise on Hearing Organs

作　　者：何延军[1] 刘亚光[1] 李道德[1] 郑素贤[1] 刘钢[1] 牛聪敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2004年第6期411-415,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：中国载人航天工程基金资助

摘　　要：目的研究不同强度脉冲噪声与脉冲稳态复合型高强噪声对豚鼠听觉器官的影响。方法 48只豚鼠随机分为对照组 (C)、5次 1 5 1dB (Ps,TB=2 0ms)脉冲组 (P1 )、9次 1 5 1dB脉冲组 (P2 )、9次 1 5 5dB脉冲组 (P3)、9次 1 5 5dB脉冲加 1 1 0dB稳态噪声复合组 (Com1 )、5次 1 5 5dB脉冲加 1 1 8dB稳态噪声复合组 (Com2 ) ,每组 8只。检测噪声暴露前后中耳损伤、ABR听阈及 1周后的毛细胞变化。结果中耳无明显损伤 ;暴露后即刻、2 4h各暴露组均有明显的暂时性听力损失 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,1周后 ,复合噪声组听力仍未完全恢复 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;各暴露组的毛细胞均有不同程度缺损 ,并伴有基底膜变薄内陷。结论脉冲噪声可引起豚鼠暂时性听力损失 ,并造成毛细胞部分缺损 ,复合高强度的稳态噪声时 ,可造成豚鼠永久性听力损失。Objective To study the effects of exposure to impulse noise and compound-exposures with highly intensity continuous noise in different intensity on hearing organs. Method Forty-eight male healthy guinea pigs weighted 300～350 g were randomly and equally divided into: control group(C), 5 impulses (duration B, T B=20 ms) of 151 dB (P s) group (P 1), 9 impulses of 151 dB group (P 2), 9 impulses of 155 dB group (P 3), 9 impulses of 155 dB plus continuous noise of 110 dB compound-exposure group (Com 1), and 5 impulses of 155 dB plus continuous noise of 118 dB compound-exposure group (Com 2). Trauma of the eardrum was examined and auditory function was monitored by measuring the thresholds of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) before and after noise exposures, and then the hair cells’ diversification of cochlea were anatomized after 1 week′s noise exposure. Result No evident change of different was found in eardrum in all groups; obvious temporary hearing loss (THL,P<0.01) was detected immediately and 24 h after exposure in all exposed groups with no statistical significant differences between impulse or compound-exposure groups. Both of the compound groups did not resumed their hearing threshold to the original level after 1 week (P<0.05). The cochlea hair cells were damaged to different levels in all exposed groups, and compared to untreated control specimens, small invaginations were sometimes seen in the basolateral membranes of outer hair cells, whereas no permanent hearing loss(PHL) was found in impulse groups. Conclusion Impulses of noise can induce temporary hearing loss and part loss of cochlea hair cells, and will induce permanent hearing loss in guinea pigs when exposure to noise impulse was combined with intense continuous noise.

关 键 词：脉冲噪声 稳态噪声 耳蜗 毛细胞 听力损失 

分 类 号：R852.83[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]