长期施用含氯化肥对稻田土壤氯积累及养分平衡的影响  被引量:11

Effects of long-term application of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers on chloride accumulation and nutrient balance in paddy fields

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作  者:邹长明[1] 高菊生[2] 

机构地区:[1]安徽技术师范学院农学系,安徽凤阳233100 [2]中国农业科学院红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426182

出  处:《生态学报》2004年第11期2557-2563,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基  金:中国农业科学院院长基金资助项目 ( A970 3 -16)~~

摘  要:随着含氯化肥 (氯化钾和氯化铵 )在中国的广泛施用 ,其对稻田生态系统的长期影响成为人们关心的问题。为此 ,1975年在湖南祁阳红壤站建立了含氯化肥长期定位试验 ,3个处理 (CK、低氯和高氯 )的施 Cl量分别为 0、35 2、10 32 kg/ (hm2· a) ,其历年土壤样品和 1997年水稻植株样品被用于研究长期连续施用氯化钾和氯化铵后 Cl-在土壤 -水稻系统中的累积及其对土壤养分平衡和水稻养分吸收的影响。结果表明 :Cl- 极易随水淋失 ,在土壤中的总残留率极低 (占总施氯量的 0 .16 %~ 0 .2 1% ) ,但长期的积累还是使施氯处理土壤 Cl- 含量显著增加 ,连续施用高氯化肥 2 4 a后 (1998) ,表土 (0~ 2 0 cm)中的 Cl- 含量比试验前(1975 )增长了 5 2 .2 % ,0~ 10 0 cm土壤剖面中和稻草中的 Cl-含量也显著增加 ;长期施用高氯化肥使表土中有效 K、Cu、B、Mn及全 Ca含量显著降低 ,而剖面 (6 0~ 80 cm)中的有效 B显著增加 ,对土壤有机质、全 N、全 P、有效 Mo、Zn及总 Mg没有明显影响 ;长期施用高氯化肥还显著抑制早稻对 P、Ca、Mn、Cu的吸收和晚稻对 Ca、Mn、Cu、Si的吸收 ,促进水稻对 Cl和 Zn的奢侈吸收 ,妨碍早稻植株中的 P、Cu和晚稻植株中的 Cu、Zn、Si向籽粒运输 ,使这些元素在稻谷中的分配率显著降低。The effect of applying chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers on paddy field ecosystems is becoming a matter of concern in China with the extensive application of fertilizers such as KCl and NH_4Cl. Thus, a long-term field experiment was established in 1975 at Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station, Hunan Province to investigate this problem. The application rates of Cl^- in 3 treatments (CK, Low Cl and High Cl) were 0, 352, 1032 kg/ha·yr, respectively. Soil Samples in 1975 to 1997 and rice plant samples in 1998 were collected and analysed to investigate the effects of long-term successive applications of KCl and NH_4Cl on the accumulation of Cl^- in the soil-rice system, soil nutrient balance, and nutrient absorption of rice plants. Results obtained were listed as follows. Accumulation percentage of Cl^- in the soil was very low because Cl^- could be leached easily. The total accumulated percentage of Cl^- was 0.16 to 0.21% of the total input of Cl^- before 1998, but the content of Cl^- in the soil increased significantly. In the High Cl treatment, the content of Cl^- in the surface soil (0 to 20 cm) in 1998 was 52.2% more than that in 1975. Cl^- in the soil profile (0 to 100 cm) and in the rice straw increased significantly after high rate applications of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers for 24 years. The long-term application of high rate of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers decreased significantly available K, Cu, B, Mn and total Ca in the surface soil. However, the application of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers significantly increased available B in the 60 to 80 cm soil profile. There was no effect of chlorine-containing fertilizer on organic matter, total N, P, Mg and available Mo, Zn in the surface soil in the period 1975 to 1998. The application of chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers decreased significantly P, Ca, Mn, Cu content of early season rice and Ca, Mn, Cu, Si content of late rice plants. The fertilizer application also increased Cl and Zn luxury accumulation of rice

关 键 词:长期试验 含氯化肥 氯积累 土壤养分 水稻 

分 类 号:S158[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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