中国西北盆山地区中—新生代古地理及地壳构造演化  

Palaeogeography of the Meso-Cenozoic and crustal tectonic evolution of basin-mountain area in northwestern China

作　　者：刘训[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《古地理学报》2004年第4期448-458,共11页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

基　　金："新疆独山子-泉水沟地学断面"项目(由原地质矿产部-9501204;国家自然科学基金-F49734230和国家新疆305项目-96-915-07-03联合资助);国土资源部科技项目"中国岩石圈三维结构"(20001010201)成果的一部分

摘　　要：中国西北地区的盆山地形和该地区地壳结构具有明显的一致性 ,反映了现代盆山构造的一个重要特征。文中讨论了中国西北盆山区在中—新生代不同时期的古地理面貌和它们的发展演化过程。本区在中—新生代不同时期具有不同的古地理面貌 ,而且随着地壳上地幔的构造演化而不断发展 ,盆山构造的形成受到了地壳活动和演化的控制。一般来说 ,中国西北的主要山系是古生代或早中生代的造山带 ,但它们形成现在这样巨大的山系主要发生在晚新生代。如天山山脉的构造演化 ,三叠纪天山曾经一度隆起成山 ,两侧的准噶尔和塔里木盆地中堆积了巨厚的磨拉石 ;侏罗纪时由于剥蚀夷平成为一个准平原 ,形成了广泛分布且可以对比的含煤岩系 ;从白垩纪到早新生代 ,它再度隆升 ,直至第四纪时形成雄伟的高大山系 ,两侧形成相应的大型沉积盆地。其他一些山脉 ,如祁连山和昆仑山 ,也具有类似的发展演化过程。最后 ,控制这一过程的根本原因则是地壳、甚至整个岩石圈的构造发展演化。The obvious conformability of basin-mountain topography with the crustal structure in northwestern China is an important characteristic of current basin-mountain tectonics.In this paper,we discuss the palaeogeographical appearances and the process of the development and evolution in different periods of the Meso-Cenozoic in basin-mountain area in northwestern China.Based on their evolutionary process since the Mesozoic,we know that,there were different palaeogeographical features in different periods of the Meso-Cenozoic,and they continuously developed with the tectonic evolution of the crust and the upper mantle.The basin-mountain tectonics was controlled by the activities and evolution of crust.Usually,the main mountains in northwestern China are the Paleozoic or the Early Mesozoic orogenic zones,but the formation of such huge mountains happened in the Late Cenozoic.The tectonic evolution history of Tianshan is an example.In the Triassic,it was once uplifted to form the mountains with thick molasse accumulation on both its sides,Junggar and Tarim Basins.Then it became a peneplain by the exposion and deplanation in the Jurassic,forming the widespread coal-bearing strata which can be correlated.From the Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic,it was uplifted again,until the Quaternary to build huge mountains with two large sedimentary basins on both sides.There were similar development and evolution histories for other mountains in northwestern China,such as Qilian and Kunlun mountains.At last,the basic factor controlling the process is the tectonic evolution of the crust,even of the whole lithosphere in this region.

关 键 词：新生代 古地理 中国西北 地壳构造 构造演化 天山 上地幔 山地 发展演化 不同时期 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学] P618[天文地球—地质学]