一种脂肽类生物表面活性剂的产生及特性研究  

Study of characteristics of lipopeptide-biosurfactant produced by bacteria

作　　者：李蔚[1] 刘如林[2] 刘春林[1] 梁凤来[2] 张心平[2] 刁虎欣[2] 

机构地区：[1]大庆油田勘探开发研究院采收率室,黑龙江大庆163712 [2]南开大学生命科学院,天津300071

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2004年第6期350-352,380,共4页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

基　　金："九五"中国石油天然气集团公司攻关项目(961210609)

摘　　要：从油田采出水中分离到一株芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)。菌种发酵液具有高表面活性,经分离提取获得浅黄色固体产物,其临界胶束浓度(cmc值)为30 0mg/L,该产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、红外光谱(IR)、色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和纸层析(PC)分析表明:其疏水基半分子为β-甲基十四碳脂肪酸及β-羟基十八碳脂肪酸;亲水基半分子含Asp、Glu、Ile、Val、Lys等氨基酸,为一种由脂肪酸和肽组成的脂肽类生物表面活性剂。特性分析表明:该表面活性剂可耐高温和高浓度盐,pH适应范围较广,对原油具有较强的乳化、增溶、脱附和降黏作用。A strain of bacillus licheniformis was isolated from the co-produced water of oil field.The fermentation supernatant produced by the strain revealed high surface activity,from which a kind of biosurfactant can be acquired by acid precipitation.Its cmc is about 30.0 mg/L.The results of PAGE,IR,GC-MS and PC analysis show that the biosurfactant contains peptide bond,lactone bond,and aliphatic chain whose hydrophobicmoiety contains β-methyl C14 fatty acid and (β-)hydroxyl C18 fatty acid and hydrophilicmoiety contains Asp,Glu,Ile,Valand Lysetc.So the biosurfactant is identified as a lipopeptide.It can resist high temperature,high concentration of NaCl,and can fit a wide range of pH.At the same time,it also has the ability for solubilizing petroleum and helping the petroleum break off from rock as well as decreasing viscosity of the petroleum.

关 键 词：生物表面活性剂 特性 脂肽 降黏 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]