继嗣与交换:地域社会的构成——对摩哈苴彝村的历史人类学分析  

Descent, Exchange and the Formation of the Territorial community: A Historical Anthropological Analysis of a Yi Village of Mohaju

作　　者：朱炳祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院社会学系

出　　处：《民族研究》2004年第6期32-39,共8页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：关于地域社会的构成 ,宗族继嗣理论注重宗族裂变的作用 ,社会交换理论则强调“女性交换”的意义。本文通过对摩哈苴彝村口述史材料的分析 ,揭示了如下两个基本事实 :第一 ,宗族裂变分支的散布与婚姻联盟的范围在地域上可以是吻合的 ,由此消除了继嗣理论与交换理论的对立 ;第二 ,在父系社会中 ,不仅存在着“男性的继嗣”与“女性的交换” ,而且也存在着“女性的继嗣”与“男性的交换” ,后者亦为地域社会构成的重要路径。Two theories relate to the formation of the territorial community. While the descent theory emphasizes the division of the clan, the social exchange theory is focused on the exchange of the woman. This paper analyzes the life stories in a Yi village and reveals the following two basic facts: firstly, the distribution of the clan divisions and the range of the marriage union can be identical in territory, thus eliminating the confrontation between the descent theory and the exchange theory; secondly, in the patrilineal society, there are not only the descent of the males and exchange of the females, but also the descent of the females and exchange of the males, which also constitutes an important way to the territorial community.

关 键 词：社会交换理论 历史人类学 社会构成 婚姻 宗族 口述史 女性 地域 父系社会 基本事实 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]