春秋官制与《周礼》比较研究——《周礼》成书年代再探讨  

A Comparative Study of the Office holding System in the Spring and Autumn Period and That in the Zhou Li :Further Discussion of the Date of Compilation of the Zhou Li

作　　者：沈长云[1] 李晶[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,教授050016 [2]南开大学历史学院,博士生300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2004年第6期3-26,共24页Historical Research

摘　　要：通过对春秋时期列国官制的清理,并以之与西周官制及《周礼》所记载的职官系统仔细比较,可以发现春秋时期的官制无论在整体格局上,还是在各职官的官称和具体职掌上,都较西周时期更接近于《周礼》。《周礼》作者应是一位更熟悉春秋官制的政治设计家,他在很大程度上将其所熟悉的这套职官系统纳入自己的政治理想的蓝图中,由此,判断《周礼》的成书年代不会早于春秋末叶,或当在战国前期。We have made a careful comparison of the different states systems of office holding in the Spring and Autumn period with that of the Western Zhou and that recorded in Zhou Li (Zhou Ritual).We find that in respect of overall arrangements,titles and specific responsibilities,the official system recorded in the Zhou Li is closer to that of the Spring and Autumn period than to the Western Zhou system.This indicates that the author of Zhou Li is likely to have been a political planner who was more familiar with the official system in the Spring and Autumn period and incorporated it to a large extent into his political blueprint.Therefore,we conclude that Zhou Li was compiled no earlier than the late Spring and Autumn period,or possibly the early Warring States period.

关 键 词：职官 春秋时期 官制 《周礼》 上将 职掌 西周时期 政治设计 政治理想 成书年代 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]