科学与民主——默顿规范提出的社会背景之考察  

Science and Democracy——Review of the Background of Merton's Science Norm

作　　者：周学政[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学技术与社会研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2004年第10期32-35,共4页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：194 2年R .K .默顿发表了关于科学的规范的论文 ,该文引起了人们极大的重视 ,也引起了人们的争议。默顿规范是哲学问题 ,还是社会学问题 ?需要对这一规范提出的社会背景进行考察。默顿规范提出的时代正是二战时期 ,在知识界人们知识观的混乱需要对生产知识的科学进行重新审视 ,而同时科学本身的体制化已经发展到了必须对其进行深入研究的地步。在这样的背景下 ,默顿提出的科学的规范结构解决了那个时代科学与民主的问题。Merton published his article about the Normal Struture in Science in 1942.This article caused many debates which include whether the Normal Structure in Science is an philosophy question or society question?To make this clear we must review the backgroud of the bring forward of Merton's theory.It's in the WWⅡ when Merton published his article,and at that time the viewpoints of SSK are confusion.Also we can know that Science had instituted for many years,which proved the precondition of the studies in science at that times.At this opinion we can know that Metron's theory are focused on the relation of science and democracy.

关 键 词：默顿规范 二战 知识社会学 科学体制化 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]