暗色型白鹭繁殖及其子代雏鸟生长的研究  

The Breeding of Dark Morph Egretta garzetta and the Development of Its Nestlings

作　　者：周晓平[1] 王博 陈小麟[1] 林清贤[1] 陈剑榕 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门白鹭自然保护区管理处,福建厦门361004

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第6期875-878,共4页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(D9910003);厦门白鹭自然保护区管理处基金资助

摘　　要：2003年6月在厦门大兔屿鹭类营巢地首次发现暗色型白鹭,对其形态、繁殖以及子代雏鸟进行研究.暗色型白鹭在厦门的数量稀少,其羽色为暗灰色,但在头、喉、胸或腹部上存在着不同程度的白羽差异.暗色型白鹭与白色型白鹭结对繁殖,共同完成孵卵和育雏过程.暗色型白鹭巢位高度为520cm,较同一树上其他4个白鹭的巢位(428±62)cm高,巢高21.2cm,巢深10.8cm,巢内径38.0cm,巢外径60.2cm;卵呈鸭蛋青色,卵的长径为3.33cm,短径4.52cm,质量23g;窝雏数为4只;1日龄雏鸟平均体长(10.8±0.2)cm,平均体质量(21±0.5)g,子代雏鸟的羽色为白色,喙表现为乌黑发亮,皮肤颜色也较白色型黑.暗色型白鹭亲鸟和雏鸟的繁殖及生长发育等其它生物学特性与白色型白鹭基本相同.本文对国内暗色型白鹭的来源及其羽毛颜色的遗传特性进行分析探讨.In the June of 2003,a dark morph of Egretta garzetta was found in the heronry at Datu islet,Xiamen. Dark morph Egretta garzetta was very rare in Xiamen.The color of its plumage is dark-grey with an individually different white patch on the head,throat breast or belly.The dark morph Egretta garzetta paired with a white morph Egretta garzetta and they incubated eggs and cared for nestlings together.The height of its nest to earth was 520 cm that was higher than other white morph Egretta garzetta that nested on the same tree (428±62) cm.The height,depth,inner-diameter and exo-diameter of its nest were (21.2) cm,10.8 cm,38.0 cm and 60.2 cm respectively.The long-diameter,short-diameter,and weight of its blue egg was 4.52 cm,3.33 cm,and 23 g respectively.The body length and weight of 4 nestlings in one-day age was (0.8±0.2) cm and (21±0.5) g.The nestlings had the white plumage with a jet-black bill and darker skin than white morph.The growths of the nestlings were similar to those of white morph.The source of the dark egret in China and the genetic feature of its plumage morph were discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：繁殖 羽色 白鹭 子代 育雏 遗传特性 日龄 雏鸟生长 营巢 羽毛颜色 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学] S831[农业科学—畜牧学]