RNA干涉技术及其应用  

The technique of RNA interference and its application

作　　者：王菊萍[1] 郭蔼光[1] 张开泰[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院 [2]军事医学科学院放射医学研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第B11期37-42,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划973项目(G1998051207)

摘　　要：RNA干涉(RNA interference,RNA1)是由双链RNA导入而引起的转录后基因沉默,它可以作为一种有力的工具在多种有机体中抑制特异性基因的表达。文章简要介绍了RNA干涉的发现史、作用机制、特点及该项技术的用途。RNA1的作用机制可以分为起始阶段和效应阶段。双链RNA被Dicer消化成siRNAs(small interfermg RNAs),进一步形成RNA诱导沉默复合物(RNA-mduced silencmg complex,or RISC),在siRNAs的引导下切割靶mRNA。RNAi技术在疾病的基因治疗、功能基因组学及细胞信号通路分析等力面具有广阔的应用前景。The technique of RNA interference (RNAi) is now one of the hot topics in the research world. RNAi is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) initiated by the introduction of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) and can be used as a powerful tool to knock out the expression of specific genes in a variety of organisms. This article summarizes the history of discovery, the biochemical mechanism,the characteristics and the comprehensive application of RNAi.The biochemical mechanism of RNAi includes both initiation and effector steps. Input dsRNA is digested into 21-23 nucleotide small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) by Dicer. The siRNA duplexes bind to a nuclease complex to form what is known as the RNA-induced silencing complex,or RISC. The actived RISC then cleaves the target mRNA by the guiding of siRNAs. RNAi has made a wide application in disease gene therapy, functional genomics and cell signaling pathway analysis,to name just a few.

关 键 词：RNA干涉 转录后基因沉默 生化机制 

分 类 号：Q781[生物学—分子生物学]