黄河源头区土壤侵蚀现状分析  

Soil Erosion Analysis in Headstream Basin of Yellow River

作　　者：严慕绥[1] 许峰[1] 张卫 曹江源 李智广[1] 刘秉正[3] 

机构地区：[1]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053 [2]青海省水土保持局,青海西宁810001 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2004年第6期75-78,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黄河源头区与塔里木河水土保持生态建设重点区水土流失背景调查项目

摘　　要：黄河源头区是我国珍贵的生态宝库,近年来遭受着土壤侵蚀加剧,生态严重退化的威胁。根据2002年开展的黄河源头区土壤侵蚀调查成果,对该区土壤侵蚀的面积、强度和空间分布特点进行了分区分析。分析表明,冻融侵蚀是主要土壤侵蚀类型,分布于中西部山原区。水蚀广泛分布在东部山区,总体强度不高。风蚀主要分布区域集中,总体强度较高。这4个土壤侵蚀分区中,东北部水蚀、风蚀区水土流失最为严重。黄河源头区西部虽然水土流失面积较小,但生态十分脆弱,成土缓慢,土壤抗侵蚀能力差,一旦水土流失发生、发展极难重建和恢复。从土地利用上看,草地、湿地资源的保护对黄河源头区水土保持生态建设具有十分重要的意义。The headstream basin of the Yellow River is ecologically important to China, but it has become threatened by soil erosion in recent years. This paper examines the general situation of soil erosion on the basis of a 2002 survey by remote sensing. Analysis indicates that frost-thaw erosion is the major erosion type in the region. Water erosion occurs in the eastern mountainous areas at a generally light intensity, while wind erosion is concentrated in several areas at a high intensity. The northwest erosional area experiencing water-wind erosion is the portion of the region experiencing the most serious soil erosion of the four areas of erosion in the region. The area of soil erosion in western part of the headstream basin is relatively small, but it still poses a serious threat to the ecological stability of the basin, which is a fragile area and in which rehabilitation after major erosion is very difficult. Land use/cover change(LUCC) is discussed, with particular reference to the establishment of grasslands and wetlands as means of erosion prevention and ecological rehabilitation.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 水土流失 风蚀 水蚀 生态 东部山区 草地 发展极 中西部 现状分析 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] F127[农业科学—农业基础科学]