中国结缕草居群形态变异分析  

Studies on the Morphological Variation of Zoysia japonicain Populations.

作　　者：金洪[1] 韩烈保[1] 张永明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草坪研究所,北京100083 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国草地》2004年第6期50-56,共7页Grassland of China

基　　金：北京林业大学与美国高尔夫协会合作项目

摘　　要：对我国结缕草种质资源典型自然分布区19个野生居群和1个栽培居群进行了生态学特性、生境类型和居群变异的研究,结果表明:结缕草主要分布在海拔5～385m之间,土壤pH范围6.5～8.3,其中60%为微碱性。生境类型可分为丘陵山地型、平原草甸型、滨海滩涂型和农林间隙地草地型四种类型;不同地理居群结缕草的匍匐茎长、小穗数和叶舌长等12个表型性状均存在着变异,不同的表型性状其变异幅度和变异来源各不相同,即各表型性状受环境影响的程度各异,其中匍匐茎的长度和直径、穗长、穗宽、叶长、叶宽等随纬度的降低而增加;而小穗数、匍匐茎中部节间长、叶舌长度等则随纬度增加表现出增加的趋势。主成分分析和聚类分析的结果显示,匍匐茎长、穗长、匍匐茎中部节间长这3个性状是造成结缕草各居群表型差异的主要因素,可将20个居群分为8类,聚类结果与材料的地理分布基本一致,其中2、3、11和12号居群可作为结缕草的适宜育种材料。The ecological traits,ecological environment types and population variation of 20 Zoysia japonica populations distributed in China were studied. The results showed that: the Zoysia japonica is distributed at altitude from 5m to 385m and the pH of soil is from 6.5 to 8.3. 60% of the soil collected is slight alkalescent. The ecological environment type can be classified into four types,hill grassland type,plain meadow type, seashore bottomland type and interstitial-meadow of farmland and woodland type. There was obvious variation in 12 external morphological traits of Zoysia japonica,including reproductive tiller length, spikelet number,ligule length and so on. The variation extent and variation source of every characteristic is different, which indicates that ecological environment has different influence on them. With the decrement of altitude, stolon length, the trend of spike length and diameter, spike width, leaf length and leaf width was increased, while with the increment of altitude, the trend of spikelet number, spike median internode length, ligule length was increased. These results showed that Zoysia japonica has plentiful genetic diversities. Based on the results of principle component analysis and clustering analysis, stolon length, spike length and spike median internode length are the main factors resulting in morphological variation of Zoysia japonica. 20 populations can be classified into 8 groups. Clustering results were identical with the geographical distribution of Zoysia japonica. The populations No.2, No.3, No.11 and No.12 can be used as breeding materials.

关 键 词：结缕草 生态学特性 居群变异 种质资源 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]