甘肃河西地区内陆河流域荒漠化的水资源问题  

Water Resources Relating to Desertificationin the Hexi Area of Gansu Province, China

作　　者：康尔泗[1] 李新[1] 张济世[2] 胡兴林 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州交通大学,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省水文水资源勘测局,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2004年第6期657-667,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(CACX2003102);中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3 SW 329);亚洲银行支援项目(ADBTA366.-PRC);联合国环境规划署(UNDP)项目(AIACC AS25)资助

摘　　要：河西地区内陆河流域荒漠化的水资源问题,根本的原因在于水资源短缺而导致的生态环境脆弱和水资源的过度开发利用.如果上、中游地区水资源的利用超过了水资源量的限度,则流到下游的径流量减沙,地下水位下降;而下游地区为了弥补水资源的不足,便大量开采地下水,致使地下水严重超采,从而导致植被退化和荒漠化.在分析上述问题的基础上,以石羊河为例,说明内陆河流域的荒漠化防治要求实行以农业节水为中心,建立节水型社会的流域综合治理,实现水资源、土地资源、经济、社会和生态环境协调和可持续发展.In the arid regions of Northwest China, water resources are distributed in various relatively independent inland river basins. They originate from mountain areas, are consumed and distributed in plains, artificial oases at the middle streams and natural oases at the down streams. In the basins of the three inland rivers in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu province, i.e., the Sule River Basin, the Heihe River Basin and the Shiyang River Basin, where water resources are very limited, exploitation and utilization of water resources are mainly concentrated in artificial oases with very vulnerable ecological environment. Over exploitation and utilization of water resources in the artificial oases at the middle streams cause a degradation of ecological environment, and then cause desertification of the natural oases at the down stream of the three inland river. Desertification of the Shiyang River Basin is the most serious among the three basins. The water resource problems related to desertification in the Shiyang River Basin is mainly analyzed and studied in this paper. Competition of exploitation and utilization of water resources among the upper, middle and down streams has enhanced the degradation of natural oases and desertification at the down streams. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive authorized management of basin water resources and rational utilization and allocation of water resources among the upper, middle and down streams and among different sectors and stakeholders. Emphasis of comprehensive management should be put on the water saving irrigation and construction of water saving society in the artificial oases at the middle streams. Sustainable economic and social development, protection of ecological environment, and desertification prevention should be simultaneously integrated.

关 键 词：河西地区 内陆河流域 荒漠化 水资源 流域综合治理 

分 类 号：P343.9[天文地球—水文科学]