3种空调方式对医院Ⅱ类环境空气影响的研究  

Effect of Type-Ⅱ Environment Air in Hospital by Three Air-conditioning Methods

作　　者：范旭畅[1] 李建平[1] 陶西萍[1] 刘雅[1] 齐桂芝[1] 朱建伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市中心医院,陕西西安710003

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2004年第12期1371-1374,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的通过使用中央空调和分散式空调对Ⅱ类环境空气影响的研究,探讨Ⅱ类环境适宜使用的空调方式及空调使用中对室内小气候产生的影响及对策。方法分组中央空调风机盘管组、风道组与柜式空调3组,每组有使用不同空调的Ⅱ类环境房间4～5间,分别于空调开放前和空调开放1h进行空气微生物采样,同时测量室温、相对湿度、气压、电压、空调风速等相关因素。结果经统计学处理,柜式空调开放前、后,空气微生物数量无明显变化;风机盘管式(30%新风)和风道式中央空调系统开启后空气中微生物数量明显减少,分别P<005和P<0005;3组空调开放后空气相对湿度明显降低,柜式空调和风道组P<0001,风机盘管组P<0005;空气采样检出真菌、枯草杆菌、微球菌等10种微生物。结论3种空调方式使用在Ⅱ类环境均不会引起明显空气污染;中央空调风道式加新风,配中效以上过滤装置首选,但不得用于感染手术及有传染患者的ICU;中央空调风机盘管用于Ⅱ类环境手术室等无菌区,须增设净化装置;无条件安装中央空调,普通空调也可使用;使用空调时必须保持空调系统的清洁,防止因空调引起的空气污染;注意调整空调房间的室内湿度和保持室内清洁。OBJECTIVE To study the effect of type Ⅱ environment air by central air conditioning and separated air conditioning, discuss more suitable air conditioning methods and the effect on indoor microclimate. METHODS Three groups were observed, they were central air conditioning with bent pipes, the same with straight pipes and general air conditioning. We collected air samples before and one hour after air conditioning in 4 5 rooms of each group respectively. At the same time, we measured the related factors such as indoor temperature, relative humidity, voltage, and wind speed of air conditioning. RESULTS The quantity of bacteria in indoor air was not changed after general air conditioning; it was obviously reduced after start of central air conditioning with bent pipes and that with straight pipes (P<0 05 and P<0 005). Indoor relative humidity was decreased in two groups (P<0 001 and P<0 005, respectively); ten kinds of microbes were detected in air samples,such as fungus,Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus, etc. CONCLUSIONS All of the three kinds of air conditioning methods wouldn't cause obvious air pollution in type Ⅱ environment; the central air conditioning with straight pipes with medium effect filter device is of first choice, but not adapted to the areas with infectious disease. Purifying device should be strengthened if central air conditioning with bent pipes is used in surgical site. General air conditioning could be used if central air conditioning is not available. Keeping air conditioning system, cleaning room, modulating indoor relative humidity are also important.

关 键 词：空调 Ⅱ类环境 空气污染 微生物 微小气候 

分 类 号：R187.4[医药卫生—流行病学]