某村石英粉加工行业技改前后职业卫生状况调查  

The investigation on occupational hazard status on quartz powder processing be fore and after technological reform in a small village.

作　　者：缪剑影[1] 李津[1] 叶炳杰 商群 庄向 

机构地区：[1]福建省职业病与化学中毒预防控制中心,福建福州350001

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2004年第6期40-42,共3页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的　探讨小型石英粉加工行业的职业病危害状况和治理经验。方法　对某村石英粉加工企业进行技改 ,分析技改前后职业卫生状况。结果　技改前该村石英粉加工业无任何防尘措施 ,9个粉尘浓度检测点有 8个超过国家最高容许浓度标准 ,最高超标 3 61倍。粉尘游离SiO2 含量平均高达 72 73 %。技改后作业场所检测点全部符合国家职业卫生标准。对技改前该村务工的 2 90名农民工摄X射线胸片检查 ,诊断矽肺 60例 ,患病率为 2 0 69% ;患者发病年龄(3 5 75± 6 10 )岁 ,接尘工龄 3个月～ 3 17年 ,平均 1 3 3年。结论　大批工人暴露于无任何防尘措施的石英粉工作环境中发生严重的群体性爆发矽肺事件是必然的。通过技改 ,采取生产设备密闭 ,安装有效防尘设施等 ,可明显改善作业环境 ,防止矽肺病的发生。Objective To investigate occupational hazar d status on a small scale quartz powder processing services and the measures of ma nagement. Methods Technological reform on a small scale quartz powder processing services in a sma ll village was preformed and the occupational health status before and after the reform was analyzed. Results There was no protective measures for dust before the reform, dust concentration at 8 of 9 points exceeded the national maximum allowab le concentration and the highest was 361 times above the national standard, aver age free silica content was 72.73%. After the reform, the dust concentration in all points at the working place were below the limit of the national standard. 290 farmers who worked at the services before the reform had their chest radiogr aphic examinated and 60 of them were diagnosed of silicosis, the incidence bei ng 20.69%. The average age of the patients suffering from silicosis was (35.75 ±6.10) years. The shortest and longest duration of dust exposure were 3 months and 3.17 years respectively; the average year of the dust exposure was 1.33 years.Conclusion Lots of workers were exposed in a quartz dust workin g environment where they had no dust protective measures, so it was inevitable t hat groups of workers were vulnerable to silicosis. By taking technologi-ca l refo rm for the services including isolated production equipments and effective dust protective facilities, the working environment was significantly improved and th e workers were protected from suffering from silicosis.

关 键 词：石英粉尘 作坊式加工 技改 职业卫生 管理 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]