广州灰霾天气的气候特征分析  

Climatic Characteristics of Haze in Guangzhou

作　　者：刘爱君[1] 杜尧东[1] 王惠英[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省气候与农业气象中心,广州510080

出　　处：《气象》2004年第12期68-71,共4页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目"全球气候变化对广东省经济发展的影响与对策研究"(2 0 0 4B32 6 0 10 0 1)资助

摘　　要：根据广州气象观测站 1 96 1～ 2 0 0 2年观测资料 ,对广州市灰霾天气的气候特征及其成因进行了分析。结果表明 ,广州灰霾日数 1 2月最多 ,6月最少 ,秋冬两季占全年灰霾日总数的 70 %以上。年灰霾日数总体呈上升趋势 ,年灰霾日数变化可分为 5个阶段 ,其中 ,70年代末期至 80年代中期、80年末期至 90年代中后期是灰霾的两个急剧上升阶段。灰霾日数年际变化多与大气中的污染物浓度有关 ,而月、季的分布多受天气形势和气象条件所控制。灰霾能够降低到达地面的太阳总辐射 ,减少日照时数。According to the observation of Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory from 1961 to 2002, climatic characteristics and forming cause of haze in Guangzhou are analyzed. The results showed that in Guangzhou haze days was maximum in December and minimum in June, the haze days in autumn and winter accounted for more than 70 percent of annual total haze days. In general, annual haze days represented the increasing trend. The change of annual haze days could be divided into five stages, among which haze days from late 1970's to middle 1980's and from late 1980's to middle and late 1990's were increasing rapidly. Inter-annual change of haze days was associated with pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere, whereas monthly and seasonal distribution of haze days tended to be controlled by synoptic situation and weather conditions. Haze could decrease global solar radiation and reduce sunshine duration.

关 键 词：气候特征分析 年际变化 日照时数 气象观测站 天气形势 上升趋势 太阳总辐射 中后期 气象条件 秋冬 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]