藏语拉萨话的体貌、示证及自我中心范畴  

Aspect, Evidentiality and Egocentricity in Lhasa Tibetan

作　　者：江荻[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《语言科学》2005年第1期70-88,共19页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(批准号60173024;60473135);中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所重点课题资助

摘　　要：本文主要讨论藏语拉萨话动词的体貌范畴以及句法标记。然而,藏语体貌范畴总是与示证性和自我中心趋向范畴共享形式标记。藏语示证性评估说话人所出示的证据,自我中心趋向表明说话人以自我为中心的行为特征。因此,本文同时描述了藏语拉萨话的体貌类型、示证类型、自我中心趋向类型,以及它们的句法形式。拉萨话有9类动词体,分别是:将行体、即行体、待行体、实现体、持续体、结果体、方过体、已行体、与境体;4类示证性,分别是自知示证、亲知示证、新知示证和推知示证。自我中心范畴表现为动作趋向自我还是趋向他人,或者说话人获益还是受损等等。另外,本文还讨论了句法上动词体与人称、意愿、情态以及时空认知的相互制约关系。This paper mainly discusses verbal aspects and their syntactic markers in Lhasa Tibetan. Yet Tibetan aspects always share the markers with the other important categories called evidentiality and egocentricity, and the former of which assesses the evidence of speaker's statement and the latter of which denotes behavioural characteristic of a speaker's ego-centricity. So the paper simultaneously describes all the types and forms of aspect, evidentiality and egocentricity. In Lhasa Tibetan there are nine types of aspects and four types of evidentials. The aspects are prospective, imminent, premeditated, realis, durative, merely past, resultative, contextual, perfect aspect, and the types of evidentiality are self-knowing evidentials, visual evidentials, information-newly-found evidentials, hearsay or inferential evidentials. Egocentricity reflects tendencies of actions: towards the speaker or the others, gaining benefits or sustaining losses. Additionally, the paper also discusses the relations between aspects and personality, volition, modality, and space-time cognition in Tibetan syntax.

关 键 词：藏语 说话人 动词体 句法形式 持续体 形式标记 情态 文同 自我中心 趋向 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]