保留距下关节的跟骨截骨矫形术治疗跟骨骨折畸形愈合  

Calcaneal osteotomy without subtalar fusion for malunion of calcaneal fracture

作　　者：俞光荣[1] 梅炯[1] 朱辉[1] 杨云峰[1] 李海丰[1] 陈雁西[1] 燕晓宇[1] 袁峰[1] 周家钤[1] 程黎明[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属同济医院骨科,上海200065

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2005年第1期35-40,共6页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

摘　　要：目的以保留距下关节的跟骨截骨矫形术治疗跟骨骨折畸形愈合,并探讨其适应证及优缺点。方法1998年11月至2003年5月,对伤后1～9个月,共24例(26足)跟骨骨折畸形愈合采用保留距下关节的跟骨截骨矫形术进行治疗。患者平均年龄32.6岁(28～42岁)。患者术前均摄跟骨侧位、轴位及足斜位X线片,并行CT三维重建检查。骨折按Sanders分型,Ⅱ型13足(Ⅱb9足,Ⅱc4足),Ⅲ型13足(Ⅲac8足,Ⅲab5足)。选择跟骨外侧改良“L”形切口,用骨刀切除外膨的跟骨外侧壁,然后将后关节面骨折块向上、向后撬起复位后关节面。跟骨内骨缺损处采用自体骨植骨,其中髂骨植骨19足,劈下的跟骨外侧壁植骨7足。最后以钢板螺钉固定。结果21足术后获得9～22个月(平均14.5个月)随访。所有患者术后均未发生切口感染、螺钉断裂及跟骨内翻等并发症。截骨植骨处愈合时间平均为11.2周(10.5～13.3周)。按Maryland足部评分标准评价术后功能,优8足,良10足,可3足,优良率为86%。术后X线检查见Bhler角、Gissane角、距骨倾斜角、跟骨宽度及丘部高度的恢复接近正常。结论保留距下关节的跟骨截骨矫形术是治疗跟骨骨折畸形愈合的有效方法之一,具有跟骨畸形矫正明显、后足外形及功能恢复满意等优点。Objective To introduce calcaneal osteotomy without subtalar fusion for calcaneal malunion and to discuss its indications, advantages and disadvantages. Methods From November 1998 to May 2003, 24 cases with 26 calcaneal malunion for 1 to 9 months were treated by calcaneal osteotomy without subtalar fusion. The average age was 32.6 years (range, 28 to 42 years). All patients underwent radiography including plain, axial and lateral views for calcaneus, oblique view for foot and three-dimensional CT imaging reconstruction. According to Sanders classification, 13 cases were of type Ⅱ(9Ⅱb, 4Ⅱc), 13 of type Ⅲ(8 Ⅲac, 5 Ⅲbc). Through the modified lateral L-shaped approach, the protruding lateral wall of calcaneus was resected and the posterior subtalar facet was reduced by elevating the fragment of the posterior subtalar facet upwards and backwards. The defect of calcaneus was filled with bone autografts. Iliac crest bone graft was used in 19 feet and the bone graft resected from the extruding lateral wall of calcaneus in 7 feet. The calcaneus was fixed with plate and screw. Results 21 feet were followed up for an average of 14.5 months (range, 9 to 22 months). No complications such as wound infection, screw breakage and calcaneum varus were found postoperatively. The average time for bone healing was 11.2 weeks (range, 10.5 to 13.3 weeks). The postoperative functional evaluation by Maryland foot score system revealed excellent result in 8 feet, good in 10, fair in 3. The rate of excellent to good results was 86%. Plain radiographs showed the nearly complete restoration of Bhler angle, Gissane angle, talus inclining angle, calcaneal width and height of the calcaneal thalamus. Conclusion Calcaneal osteotomy without subtalar fusion is an effective method for calcaneal malunion with advantages of correcting deformity markedly, restoring the function and the outer aspect of hindfoot satisfactorily.

关 键 词：治疗 跟骨骨折 畸形愈合 截骨矫形 距下关节 保留 患者 改良 平均年龄 发生 

分 类 号：R687[医药卫生—骨科学]