清季民族主义与黄帝崇拜之发明  

Late Qing Nationalism and the Invention of the Cult of the Yellow Emperor

作　　者：孙隆基 

出　　处：《历史研究》2000年第3期68-79,共12页Historical Research

摘　　要：历史是一个共同回忆 ,其组成有一个系谱学之线索可寻。有关现代国家起源的民族史系谱 ,往往是近代的发明。中国人好称“黄帝子孙” ,此种概念在中国自称“天下”的大一统时代是不可能形成的。明清之际的王夫之提倡严夷夏之防 ,曾奉黄帝为华夏域之奠立者 ,清季的汉民族主义分子遂将黄帝转化为民族始祖。黄帝崇拜的叙事 ,由古代、现代、本土、外来的因素编织而成 ,表面上首尾一贯 ,其实是一个混合语 ,而且一首一尾都是舶来品。History involves a common memory; and its structure can be determined from genealogical evidence. A national genealogy related to the origin of the modern nation is usually an invention of the modern age. It was not possible throughout the ages when China was unitied and believed to be “the land under heaven” for some Chinese to style themselves “descendents of the Yellow Emperor.” It was Wang Fuzhi, Who lived during the transitional period between the Ming and Qing Dynasties who advocated a strict demarcation between the barbarians and the Chinese nation, and proposed the Yellow Emperor as the founder of the Central Empire. Han nationalists of the Qing period then transformed the Yellow Emperor into the earliest ancestor of the Chinese nation. The cult of the Yellow Emperor is, in fact, a fabric of elements both ancient and modern, local and foreign. Although apparently consistent, it is actually a form of “pidgin” discourse beginning and ending with imports from abroad.

关 键 词：黄帝 清季 民族史 始祖 崇拜 大一统 华夏 叙事 明清之际 本土 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]