西部干旱区生态景观格局动态分析  

Analysis on the Dynamic Trends of Landscape pattern in the Arid Regions in West China

作　　者：马媛[1] 师庆东[1] 潘晓玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院干旱半干旱区可持续发展国际研究中心,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2004年第4期516-519,共4页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043503);教育部春晖计划(Z2004-1-65008)

摘　　要：以1982～2000年NOAA气象卫星数据为基本信息源,在ARC/INFO支持下,将遥感影像进行分区切割,按海拔进行分类,通过对景观优势度指数、斑块密度、边缘密度和分维数等指数的计算,对西部干旱区近20年以来的景观动态特征进行了全面分析,结果表明各类景观类型所占比例差异较大,沙漠、戈壁无植被区景观类型在本区生态景观中优势度最大,占支配地位,绿洲作为斑块镶嵌于其上;近20年,平原地区的中覆盖度草地和高覆盖度草地在研究区所占的百分比呈明显下降趋势,而绿洲所占比例呈上升趋势,表明这两类植被有相互转换的关系;平原丘陵区的自然景观斑块分维数在增长,绿洲景观类型斑块的分维值在减小,斑块形状趋于规则化。西部干旱区气候变化及人类活动已成为本地区生态景观格局变化的重要因素。In this paper, a GIS based analysis on the dynamic features of the landscapes in the arid regions in west China since recent 20 years is carried out by taking the NOAA data during the period of 1982～2000 as the basic information resource and under the support of ARC/INFO, the images are incised into some divisions, and then the divisions are classified based on their altitudes, and some indexes, such as the dominance indexes, diversity indexes, patch density indexes, margin density indexes and fractal dimension indexes of the landscapes are calculated. The results show that the proportions of all kinds of landscape types are quite differed, the dominances of the vegetation uncovered landscapes, such as the sand deserts and Gobi deserts, are the highest in the ecological landscapes in west China, and the oases are just as the patches in these deserts; in the plains, the proportion of the grasslands with moderate or high coverage has been significantly reduced since recent 20 years, whereas proportions of oasis farmlands, meadows and grasslands with low coverage have been increased; the fractal dimension indexes of the natural landscape patches in the plains and hilly regions are reduced, and some patches have been regularized. In general, the climate change and human activities have become as the important factors resulting in the change of the ecological landscape patterns in the arid regions in west China.

关 键 词：西部干旱区 斑块 绿洲 景观类型 草地 密度 优势度 生态景观 下降趋势 重要因素 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]