脑力劳动者应对资源和紧张反应的关系研究  

Study on relationship between coping resources and strain in mental workers

作　　者：肖元梅[1] 王治明[1] 王绵珍[1] 兰亚佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,成都610041

出　　处：《卫生研究》2005年第1期13-15,共3页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.39970623)

摘　　要：目的研究脑力劳动者应对资源对紧张反应的影响。方法采用紧张反应问卷(PSQ)和应对资源问卷(PRQ),对3379名脑力劳动者进行紧张反应(业务紧张、心理紧张、人际关系紧张、躯体紧张)和应对资源(娱乐休闲、自我保健、社会支持、理性处事)测试。结果应对资源与紧张反应呈显著的负相关关系(P<001),以社会支持、理性处事与各紧张反应的关系最为密切;社会支持中,与情感支持有关的条目对缓解紧张反应的作用最大;理性处事中,与合理安排时间和抗干扰有关的条目缓解紧张的作用最大;娱乐休闲中,与自主决策有关的条目缓解紧张的作用最大,而沉迷电视反而增加紧张的程度,与紧张反应呈显著的正相关关系(P<001);自我保健中,保证充足的睡眠是所有条目中缓解紧张反应作用最大的条目,而不善思考则与紧张反应呈明显的正相关(P<001)。结论提高应对资源特别是保证充足的睡眠、情感上的支持以及合理安排时间是降低脑力劳动者职业紧张的重要措施。Objective To study the effects of mental workers' coping resources on their strain. Methods Strain (vocational strain, psychological strain, interpersonal strain, physical strain) and coping resources (recreation, self-care, social support, rational coping) were measured on 3379 mental workers with personal strain questionnaire (PSQ) and personal resources questionnaire (PRQ). Results There existed significantly negative correlations between PRQ and PSQ (P<0.01). In PRQ, social support (SS) and rational coping (RC) had the closest relationships with PSQ. In the items of SS, those related to feeling support had more remission on strain. In the items of RC, those related to reasonable arrangement of time and anti-interference had more remission on strain. In the items of recreation (RE), those related to self-determination had more effects on the remission of strain, while indulging in watching TV could cause the strength of strain, and there was a positive correlation between watching TV and strain (P<0.01). In the items of self-care (SC), sufficient sleeping had the most effects on the remission of strain in the all 40 items of PRQ, while not being immersed in contemplation had a positive correlation with strain (P<0.01). Conclusion Enhancing coping resources, especially sufficient sleeping, feeling support and reasonable arrangement of time, were the important measures for the remission of mental worker' strain.

关 键 词：应对资源 紧张反应 脑力劳动者 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生] C913.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]