3种民用燃料的燃烧颗粒物的含量及其粒径组成  

The Content and the Proportion of the Combustion Particles PM_(2.5,) PM_(10) and TSP in Three Main Fuels

作　　者：彭瑞玲[1] 刘君卓[1] 潘小川[1] 刘红[1] 温天佑[1] 金晓滨[1] 陈波[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100083

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2005年第1期13-15,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解天然气、液化石油气和蜂窝煤3种民用燃料定量燃烧所产生的各粒径颗粒物(PM2.5,PM10和TSP)的含量及构成比情况,并根据普通家庭各民用燃料的实际使用量推算居民对各粒径颗粒物的日暴露量。方法对北京地区常用的蜂窝煤、天然气和液化石油气3种民用燃料同时进行定量燃烧后,采集和测定燃烧产物中不同粒径颗粒物的含量及构成比。结果3种燃料燃烧生成的颗粒物均以PM10为主,分别占TSP的95.73%,85.98%和77.87%;但在PM10中,PM2.5和PM2.5-10构成比有所不同,天然气依次为95.73%和4.27%,液化石油气为51.52%和48.48%,蜂窝煤为93.56%和6.44%;在日平均用量下,蜂窝煤所产生的各粒径颗粒物的量远远高于天然气和液化石油气,其中蜂窝煤产生的PM2.5约为后2种燃料的13和30倍。结论该研究为深入研究和比较3种民用燃料燃烧产物的毒性及其对室内空气污染的贡献大小提供基础资料。Objective To know the contents and the proportions of the combustion particles(PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) in three main fuels (natural gas, LPG and coal), and assess the combustion particles exposure based on the average daily usage of the fuel in general families. Methods To burn the three fuels at designed mass/volume respectively, collect and detect the combustion particles (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP), analyze the proportions of every particle. Results PM10 was the main part of the combustion particles of nature gas, LPG and coal (occupied 95.72%?85.98% and 77.87% of TSP respectively). But PM2.5 and PM2.5-10's proportions of PM10 from different fuels were very different, eg. from natural gas the two particles percents of PM10 were 95.73% and 4.27%; from the LPG were 51.52% and 48.48%; from coal were 93.56% and 6.44%. According to the average daily usage of the fuels in general families, the production of every kinds of combustion particles from coal were far higher than those from natural gas and LPG, eg., the production of PM2.5 from coal was 30 and 13 times greater than that from natural gas and LPG respectively. Conclusion The results of the present paper have presented the base information and the key clues for further studies in which comparison of the toxicities of the combustion particles from natural gas, LPG and coal burning and their contributions to indoor air pollution should be investigated.

关 键 词：空气污染 室内 矿物燃料 颗粒物 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]