西黄杂种公牛与牦牛杂交试验研究报告  

Experimentation Research about Male Crossbreeds of Simmental×Scalper Mating with Yaks

作　　者：高景福[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省草原研究所,成都犀浦611731

出　　处：《四川草原》2005年第1期34-38,共5页Journal of Sichuan Grassland

摘　　要：对牦牛三元杂交又一个组合(西×黄)♂×牦牛♂♀的研究结果表明,含1/2西门塔尔牛血缘的西黄杂种公牛从半农半牧区引进川西北高寒牧区有良好的适应性,与牦牛自然交配,繁殖成活率达43.85%,比用'冻配'技术生产犏牛提高20.15个百分点.繁殖的F1代犏牛杂种优势明显,初生重大,公、母分别为(21.74±2.49)kg、(20.83±3.62)kg,相应比牦牛高8.24 kg和7.58kg(p＜0.01);生长发育快,2.5岁时,公、母体重分别为(326.75±13.61)kg、(321.29±13.35)kg,比同龄牦牛相应重142.45 kg和165.43 kg(p＜0.01),杂种优势率高达40.42%;母犏牛2～3岁可初配,比母牦牛提前1～2岁投入生产,第一胎挤奶量(704.55±30.69)kg,为同胎次母牦牛的2.83倍(p＜0.01).建议在牦牛改良中推广(西×黄)♂×牦牛♀和(黑×黄)♂×牦牛♀两个牦牛三元杂交组合.The result of study on a new three-element-cross combination (simmental×scalper) ×yak showed: Female crossbreeds of simmental×scalper, introduced into a alpine pasturing area from a farming and pasturing area, were strong adaptability. When naturally mated with female yak, its reproduction survival rate is 20.15% higher than that of Friesian' frozen sperm mating. F1 generation of (simmental×scalper)×yak had obvious hybridism predominance. First, high birth weight: F1 generation's birth weights were 21.74±2.49kg and 20.83±3.62kg for male and female respectively, 8.24kg and 7.58kg higher than that of similar yak (p<0.01); Second, high hybridism predominance rate: the predominance rate of three-element-cross reached 40.42%. Third, rapid growth: 2.5-year-old female F1 generation can first mate, and can put into production 1 to 2 years earlier than female yak. Four, abundant milk: the milk of first fetus, with 704.55±30.69kg, was as 2.83 times as that of the similar yak (P<0.01). So it is suggested that the new three-element-cross combination should be applied to improve yak.

关 键 词：杂种黄公牛 母牦牛 F1代犏牛 适应性 繁殖成活率 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S823.8[农业科学—畜牧学]