再探棉蚜体色变化的生态遗传学机理  

MECHANISM OF ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF COTTONAPHID (APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER) INTHEIR BODY COLOURS

作　　者：赵惠燕[1] 张改生[1] 汪世泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《生态学报》1993年第1期9-16,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

摘　　要：作者对各种不同生境中蚜虫体色进行了观察,并通过胚胎解剖、染色体镜检研究了棉蚜体色规律性变化的原因。试验结果表明,棉蚜体色在世代内稳定不变;在世代间则随温度升高体色由绿渐变至黄。温度降低,体色又由黄渐渐转绿。统计检验证实:棉蚜体色变化与营养、寄主种类、光照光质、栽培条件等无关;仅与温度密切相联;性蚜体色与初产卵卵色均为绿色。木槿、花椒上的深黄色棉蚜,其体色不随温度改变,表明其已构成棉蚜体色变化的遗传多态现象。体色随温度变化的蚜虫在生态遗传学上属于基因型对环境条件的反应规范。The test results showed that the body colour is stable and unchangeable with in generation,namely,their life time is body colour just borr,whether they are natural or laboratory population and whether colony or individual feeding,and whether hosts,cultural condition or developmental nutrient to be the same or not.But the body colour change gradually from green to yellow with the temperature rising and from yellow to green with the temperature reducing in different generations.The Statistical test proved that the body colour variation is not related to the nutrient,the kind of host,the quality of the light and the cultural condition,and it is only related to the temperature. The summer aphids come from seeding aphids.The body colour of sex apbids and egg colour that just born are green.The dark yellow aphids were observed on the rose of Sharon and on Chinese prickly ash,and their colour is not changed with temperature from haching of zygote to migratory flight.It is indicated that it has revealed the genetic polymorphism in their col ours. The aphid that their body colour is changeable belong to the reaction norm of genotype to environment in ecological genetics. The conclusion and the viewpoint above were proved by the results of the embryology observation and the karyotype analysis of chromosome.

关 键 词：棉蚜 体色 生态遗传学 遗传多态 

分 类 号：Q346.5[生物学—遗传学]