某冶炼厂环境铅污染及其对人群健康影响的研究  

Study on Environment Lead Pollution Caused by a Smeltery and Its Health Influence on Human

作　　者：李继强[1] 陈锡永 唐意佳 赵磷石 谢广宁 邓俊兴 丘义征 

机构地区：[1]深圳市卫生防疫站环境卫生科,518020 [2]韶关市卫生防疫站 [3]韶关市曲江县卫生防疫站

出　　处：《广东卫生防疫》2001年第1期5-8,共4页Guangdong Journal of Health and Epidemic Prevention

基　　金：韶关市卫生局立项课题!韶卫字 1 995[1 1 6号 ]

摘　　要：目的　比较某冶炼厂环境铅污染 1 5年前后的变化 ,为该厂扩建投产后污染变化评价提供依据。方法　选取 1 980～ 1 982年调查时污染区中的厂南区和对照区 ,于 1 995～ 1 997年再次调查两区稻米、蔬菜、井水中的铅含量以及学龄儿童的血铅及δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (δ -ALAD)活力 ,并比较两次调查结果。结果　本次调查样品的几何均值米铅 (干重 )、菜铅 (湿重 )、井水铅、学生血铅和δ -ALAD酶活力 ,污染区分别为 2 6.7± 1 .65mg/kg、60 .4± 2 .67mg/kg、0 .0 1 4± 0 .0 0 5mg/L、2 0 6± 1 .7μg/L和 98± 1 .3IU/L ,对照区分别为 1 3 .2± 1 .85mg/kg、4 4.9± 2 .84mg/kg、0 .0 2 0± 0 .0 0 5mg/L、2 2 9± 1 .3 μg/L和 2 2 5± 1 .4IU/L。两区比较米铅含量污染区高于对照区 ,而酶活力前者明显低于后者 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;污染区有 2 2个学生 (占 2 1 .2 % )超过对照区学生血铅最高值 ( 3 1 2 .9μg/L) ,其中 8人的血铅值高达 4 50～ 762 μg/L。与 1 980～ 1 982年调查结果相比 ,污染区的稻米蔬菜铅含量显著增加。结论　该冶炼厂对污染区的铅污染有不断累积加重的趋势。Objective To compare the environment lead pollution situation caused by a smeltery before and after 15 years. Methods The lead content in rice,vegetable and well water and blood content and the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity in school_age children in both polluted and control areas were determined in 1995～1997 and compared with the results in 1980～1982.Results The geometric means of the lead contents in rice(dry weight),vegetable(wet weight),well water and blood samples and (δ-ALAD) activity unit were26.7±1.65mg/kg,60.4±2.67/mg/kg,0.014±0.005mg/L,206±1.7μg/L and 98±1.3IU/L respectively in the polluted area,and 13.2±1.85 mg/kg,44.9±2.84 mg/kg,0.020±0.005mg/L,229±1.3μg/L and 225±1.4IU/L respectively in the control area. The lead content in rice in polluted area was significantly higher than that in control area,while the δ-ALAD activity was significantly lower in polluted area (P< 0.01).There were 22 children(21.2%)in polluted area whose blood lead contents were higher than the maximum value(312.9μg/L)in control area,among them,8 children,blood lead contents were as high as 450～762μg/L.Compared with the results in 1980～1982,the rice and vegetable lead content in polluted area were increased significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion The environment lead pollution caused by the smeltery is tend to be aggravated continuously.

关 键 词：冶炼厂 铅污染 环境污染 健康效应 Δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 

分 类 号：R503.1[医药卫生—内科学]