酋邦与专制政治  

Tribe and Autocracy

作　　者：易建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,100006

出　　处：《历史研究》2001年第5期120-135,共16页Historical Research

摘　　要：在当前中国学术界影响较大的酋邦模式强调了酋邦与专制政治之间的必然联系。然而 ,当代文化人类学相关的经典理论与主流理论表明 ,酋长拥有的是非强制性的权威 ,而非合法武力支撑的强制性的权力或暴力 ;在酋邦社会的决策活动中 ,酋长虽然可以具有重大的影响力 ,但是参与或者影响决策的 ,通常并非酋长一人 :酋邦社会的决策活动多是“集体性质”的。在早期社会实际的历史发展过程当中 ,在亚洲、非洲和美洲 ,非专制政治包括民主政治都有广泛发现 ,而决不是只有以希腊罗马为代表的欧洲才出现过民主制度。The model of tribe established by some Western scholars stresses the aspect of the inevitable relationship between tribe and autocracy. However, the classic theory and the mainstream theory of contemporary cultural anthropology suggest that the chieftain enjoyed non-compulsory authority instead of compulsory authority supported by legal force or violence. In the course of decision making of a tribal society the chief certainly had great influence, but it was usually not the chief alone that took part in or influenced the decision-making, which was frequently “collectivistic” in nature. In the early history non-autocracy, including democratic institutions, was extensively seen in Asia, Africa and America, not just in Europe represented by Greece and Rome.

关 键 词：酋邦 专制政治 非强制性 民主政治 武力 代表 民主制度 罗马 希腊 历史发展 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]