试论中国早期文明诸社会因素的物化表现  

On the Materialization of Social Elements of Early Chinese Civilization

作　　者：朱凤瀚 

机构地区：[1]中国历史博物馆

出　　处：《文物》2001年第2期70-79,共10页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：通过考古学的方法与手段发现与考察中国早期文明的物化表现是中国文明起源研究的基础。文明既是一个社会发展阶段的概念,则文明的物化表现只是具体地体现了文明的诸社会因素,而不宜迳称为“文明的因素”。单独的文明社会因素的物化表现不能标志文明的形成。本文依据以上认识具体地讨论了若干重要考古学文化遗存所反映出来的社会文明化程度,并提出应加强中国早期文明多元一体化格局形成过程的研究。In this essay, the author discusses the importance of a scientific understanding of materialization of early Chinese civilization. Archaeological approach, he believes, offers a basis on which exploration can go. As civilization is a concept related with social evolution, its materialization should be read as that of those social elements rather than 'elements of civilization,' a concept which is too general. When a society move onto the stage of civilization, its various social elements become materialized at a relatively high level, in the same time and same area. Materialization of singular elements does not mean civilization. The author looks at the Erlitou, Hongshan, Liangzhu, Longshan and other major archaeological remains and discusses their degree of civilization. More research, he argue, needs to be done on materialization of social elements of early civilization in Central Plains, as a part of the effort to reconstruct the independent evolution of early civilization in that area. However, equally more exploration, he stresses, should be done so as to identify the different cultural origins of the very civilization, a step toward the reconstruction of a plural yet unified early Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：早期文明 中国文明 学术 分歧 阶段 起源 科学 表现 物化 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]