论中国古代契约与国家法的关系——以唐代法律与借贷契约的关系为中心  

The Relation between Contract and Law in Ancient China:An Inquiry into Contact of Borrow and Lend in Tang Dynasty

作　　者：霍存福[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《当代法学》2005年第1期44-56,共13页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地.吉林大学理论法学研究中心重大项目 :中西法律文化比较研究(0 1JAZJD82 0 0 0 1)

摘　　要：中国古代法律 (如唐代律令 )对契约的规制或指导 ,在总体上是 :部分的民间事务靠习俗调整 ,部分的则由法律调整。国家承认“私契”的地位 ,并承认它的规则。有关借贷契约的法律和契约实践表明 ,契约内容和契约活动是在法律规制下进行的。国家通过受理 (官为理 )、不受理 (官不为理 ) ,表达契约自由的限度 ;并有质物处理、保人责任等程序性的和实体权利义务的设定 ;律令规定往往是相衔接的。但在实践中 ,契约内容对法律又有遵守与抵触两种情形同时存在。在契约的履行方式、利息限制、质物交付与处理、保人代偿等问题上 ,这种冲突都比较明显。契约中还有“抵赦”条款 ,专门应对国家对私人债负的赦免效力问题。The legal regulation and direction on contract in anc ie nt China is in the Following way: the civil affaires were partly adjusted by cus toms and partly by law. The state acknowledged the status of private contract an d rules about it. The laws and practices in the contact of borrow and lend show that contents and activities of contract were processed under law. The state, ex pressed the limitation of freedom of contract by accepting and hearing a case or not; set up procedural and substantial rights and duties on disposal of pledged assets and the obligation of guarantor; and the law are always connected with a cts. Meanwhile, in practice, both observations and conflicts existed in the cont ents of contracts to the law. In areas such as form of performance, limits of in terests and guarantor’s performance conflicts are more obvious. Immunity clause s exit in some contracts to solve the obligation that state assumed against a pr ivate party.

关 键 词：契约 受理 承认 律令 法律 国家法 实体权利 质物 借贷 利息 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]