姜目姜群植物的种子解剖学和组织化学及其系统学意义  

Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Seeds in Ginger Families of Zingiberales and Their Systematic Significances

作　　者：唐源江[1] 谢中誉[1] 廖景平[1] 吴七根[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2005年第2期343-354,共12页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目( 39870087;30370099;40332021) ;国家重点基础研究专项 (2001CCA00300 )

摘　　要：研究了姜群4科代表植物的种子解剖学和组织化学,结果表明,姜科、闭鞘姜科和竹芋科均具假种皮.姜科的外种皮由1层细胞壁增厚的表皮细胞构成,中种皮分化为下皮层、半透明细胞层和色素层,内种皮由石细胞构成;闭鞘姜科外种皮由薄壁细胞构成,中种皮为薄壁细胞层,内种皮由石细胞构成;美人蕉科外种皮则由径向延长的Malpighian细胞构成,中种皮包含4～5层石细胞和2～5层薄壁细胞,内种皮则由色素细胞组成;竹芋科外种皮和中种皮均由薄壁细胞构成,内种皮由1层垂周壁和内平周壁极其增厚的石细胞构成.姜群中只有美人蕉科不具假种皮和孔盖,姜科和闭鞘姜科的合点区均有色素细胞群,闭鞘姜科的合点区还分化出一个内方有缺口的合点室.姜科和闭鞘姜科都有明显的内胚乳和外胚乳;美人蕉科具发达的外胚乳,内胚乳仅为一薄层;竹芋科种子不具内胚乳.综合芭蕉群种子解剖学和组织化学的研究结果,讨论了姜群4科之间的系统学关系.The seed anatomy and histochemistry of representatives of four families in ginger group of Zingiberales were studied.All the seeds underexamination had aril except those of Cannaceae in this group. Seed coat obviously differentiated and could be divided into exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta. However, their differentiated degree and actual structure were various. In Zingiberaceae, the exotesta consisted of one layer of epidermal cells with longitudinally elongated and thickened wall. The hypodermis, translucent cell layer and pigment cell layer of mesotesta differentiated. The endotesta contained only one layer of slereids. Both exotesta and mesotesta were parenchymatous, while the endotesta was of sclereids in Costaceae. In Cannaceae, the exotesta consisted of one layer of longitudinally elongated malpighian cells, whereas the mesotesta contained 4～5 layers of sclereids and 2～5 layers of parenchymatous cells, and the endotesta consists of pigment cells. However, both exotesta and mesotesta of Marantaceae were parenchymatous, while the endotesta was composed of 1 layer inner tangential and radial walls of sclereids thickened very much and lignified. The pigment cell group occured in the chalazal region of Zingiberaceae and Costaceae, moreover, perisperm and endosperm distinctly differentiated in this two families. Well developed perisperm exists in Cannaceae whose endosperm was only one layer. The endosperm was absent in Marantaceae. The chalazal chamber was only present in Costaceae and the operculum was only absent in Cannaceae. The systematic relationships of four families in ginger group were discussed based on the previous data of seed anatomy of the whole Zingiberales.

关 键 词：姜目 姜群 种子解剖学 组织化学 

分 类 号：Q944.59[生物学—植物学]