人卵母细胞冻融的研究与应用  

Study and applications of human oocyte cryopreservation

作　　者：李晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院生殖与遗传中心,北京100034

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2004年第6期664-667,共4页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

基　　金：基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目基金(001cb51010201);国家自然科学基金(30170394);教育部教育振兴行动计划特殊专项("九八五"工程)资助~~

摘　　要：冷冻卵母细胞与冷冻胚胎对于治疗不孕症都具有重要价值。冷冻胚胎技术于1983年首次成功用于人类胚胎的保存。这些年来精子及胚胎冷冻已普遍用于生殖领域，但卵母细胞冷冻仍未在临床上广泛应用。1986年澳洲Chen首次报告卵母细胞冷冻合并体外受精，胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization embryo transfer，IVF-ET)成功妊娠1例。The oocyte cryopreservation is more promising than embryo freezing in clinical applications,preservation of female fertility,legal and ethical aspects in this decade.The redundant oocytes retrievedfrom ⅣF cycles can potentially donate oocytes,which have unique advantages in economy and feasibili-ty.We have achieved success in embryo freezing,but just obtained poorer results in oocyte cryopreserva-tion which was mainly because of the low rates of survival,fertilization,and cleavage.The character ofthe plasma membrane and the time of cortical granules present at the metaphase of meiosis Ⅱ with thespindle system consist of the major difference between oocytes and embryos.Moreover,the oocytes shouldbe fertilized by sperm at the appropriate time.We used a refined slow freezing method to improve the sur-vival rate and increased sucrose concentration to dehydrate oocytes.Vitrification was another approach toprevent harms.Besides,intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to overcome possible zona hardeningafter the release of cortical granules.Oocytes after cryopreservation showed serious disturbances of the mi-crotubules immediately after thawing as they were vulnerable to the thermal changes and easy to depoly-merize.Fertilization of these oocytes with disorganized spindles led to chromosomal aneuploidy,digyny,and degradation of the cleavage rate.We can improve cryopreserved oocytes to normal fertilization anddevelopment by appropriate incubation and timing of insemination,as the microtubules repolymerize in atime dependent way after incubation which is compatible with recovery of the spindles.With the improve-ment of survival,fertilization,and development,oocyte cryopreservation will play an imperative role.

关 键 词：人卵母细胞 首次 治疗 冷冻 IVF-ET 临床 人类胚胎 生殖 精子 领域 

分 类 号：R321[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R711[医药卫生—基础医学]