颈椎前路扩大减压术的应用解剖  

Applied anatomy of extensive decompression during anterior cervical approach

作　　者：杨玉辉[1] 高忠礼[2] 刘景臣[2] 刘敏[1] 吕衡发[1] 王忠伟 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林长春130021 [2]吉林大学中日联谊医院骨科,吉林长春130031 [3]吉林省伊通县中医院外科

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（医学版）》2005年第1期76-78,共3页Journal of Jilin University：Medicine Edition

基　　金：长春市科委资助课题 (长科合字第 0 1- 12 6 5 5 0 ) ;吉林省科技厅资助课题 (970 32 8)

摘　　要：目的 :为颈椎前路扩大减压术提供应用解剖学基础。方法 :在 4 2具动脉灌注红色乳胶、防腐固定的成人尸体上 ,观察、测量双侧颈长肌内侧缘间距 (A)、横突孔前壁根部间距 (B)、椎动脉 V2段间距 (C)、颈长肌内侧缘与横突孔前壁根部间距 (D)、椎动脉与横突孔内壁间距 (E)、颈上神经节 (F)及颈中神经节 (G)距颈部中线的距离。结果 :A、B、 C由尾侧向头侧逐渐减小 ,F、G则逐渐增大 ;D约为 7.0 mm,E约为 3.0 m m。结论 :在颈椎前路扩大减压术中掌握横突孔前壁根部这一解剖标志可以避免损伤椎动脉和颈交感干。Objective To provide the applied anatomical fundamental data for extensive decompression during anterior cervical approach. Methods Forty-two adult aseptic cadavers whose arteries were affused with red latex were used for observing. The distances of the medial border of bilateral Longus colli muscle (A), the roots of anterior wall of transversal foramen(B), V2 segments of vertebral artery (C), between the medial borders of Longus colli muscle and the root of anterior wall of transversal foramen(D), between V2 segment of vertebral artery and internal wall of transversal foramen(E), between the medial border of superior cervical ganglion(F), middle cervical ganglion(G) and midline were measured. Results The lengths of A,B, and C gradually decreased from caudal location to cephalad location, but the lengths of F and G gradually increased; D was about 7.0 mm and E was about 3.0 mm. Conclusion The sympathetic trunk and vertebral artery injuries can be completely avoided if the root of anterior wall of transversal foramen as anatomical signal in extensive decompression during anterior cervical approach is considered.

关 键 词：减压术 外科/方法 颈椎前路扩大减压术 椎动脉 颈交感干 颈椎/外科学 

分 类 号：R322.85[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]