发达国家木材采运工业现状和发展趋势  

Status and Tendency of Development of Logging Industry in Developed Countries

作　　者：陈如平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林科院科信所,北京100091

出　　处：《世界林业研究》1993年第6期9-16,共8页World Forestry Research

摘　　要：发达国家木材采运生产在进入全面机械化阶段以来的20多年里,不仅主伐的主要生产作业和准各、辅助作业,而且疏伐作业的全面机械化比重迅速提高,综合劳动生产率成倍增长。技术进步的主要特点是:机械系统更新换代速度加快,推广少剩余物、无剩余物生产工艺;节约能源消耗;重视发展森林作业保护技术。90年代是木材采远向高技术迈进的10年,电子计算机、作业机器人、接收卫星信号的环球地理定位系统、遥控以及专家系统等技术将得到推广应用。The countries noted for developed logging industry are USA, Canada, Sweden,Finland, Former USSR, Norway and Austria. In the past 20 years their logging had beencompletely mechanized. During this period the proportion of overall mechanization of theprincipal operation and preparation in harvesting, auxiliary operations and thinning increasedrapidly, with composite labor productivity doubled and redoubled. The main features oftechnologic progress were rapid replacement of out--of--date mechanical system, exten-sion of the technologic process with little residue or no residue, less consumption of energyresource, and the development of protective measures for silvicultural operations. In the1990s, the main targets of technologic progress of logging in the developed countries are:(1) accelerating the overall mechanization in forest production, steadily increasing the laborproductivity, and decreasing the cost of production; (2) furthering the application oftechnologic process with little residue, so as to fully utilize the wood resources; (3) protect-ing the ecologic environment of forests; (4) protection of labor force. The hi--tech expectedto be extended in the field of logging industry in 1990s are: (1) computer--aided research,design, manufacture and test, the computer controlled and managed production process;(2) robot for forest operation; (3) GPS receiving signals from a satellite. Other technol-ogies are about sensing device, remote control and expert system.

关 键 词：木材采运 现状 发展趋势 发达国家 

分 类 号：S782[农业科学—木材科学与技术]