燃料电池过程的效率  

Study on the efficiency of fuel cell process

作　　者：邓会宁[1] 王宇新[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院化学工程研究所联合化学工程国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《电源技术》2005年第1期15-18,共4页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：国家重大基础研究规划(No. G20000264);国家自然科学基金(29976033)。

摘　　要：燃料电池是通过电化学过程将化学能直接转化为电能的装置。文章分析了燃料电池过程的理想效率和实际效率,并讨论了燃料电池与热机联合过程的理想效率和实际效率。燃料电池过程的理想效率随电池工作温度而变化,但包含可逆热机的联合过程的理想效率等于在环境温度下工作的燃料电池的理想效率,与燃料电池工作温度无关。燃料电池的效率不但取决于反应物的种类,还取决于其相态。实际电池效率因极化现象和实际电流低于反应物消耗产生的期望电流而低于理想效率。The efficiency of fuel cell processes was analyzed in comparison with the heat engines. With increased operating temperatures, the ideal efficiency of fuel cell processes decreased, while the carnot efficiency of corresponding heat engine goes higher. Consequently, the ideal efficiency of fuel cell surpasses that of heat engine only under certain operation temperatures. For a co-generation system of fuel cell and heat engine, however, the ideal efficiency doesn't change with the operating temperature but only with the temperature of the environment. The efficiency of real fuel cell processes is much lower than its ideal limit because of voltage polarization and fuel losses.

关 键 词：燃料电池 理想效率 实际效率 卡诺效率 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]