侵蚀引起的苏南坡地土壤退化  

Soil Degradation by Erosion in Sloping Land in Southern Jiangsu Province, China

作　　者：张燕[1] 彭补拙[1] 高翔[1] 杨浩[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,江苏南京2100093 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2005年第1期113-117,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(49831070);国家自然科学基金项目(49973027)

摘　　要：为探讨土壤侵蚀与土壤退化的关系,选择苏南坡地作研究对象,以137Cs丢失量表示土壤侵蚀强度,以土壤颗粒组成、有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)表示土壤质量,用统计和比较的方法定量分析了侵蚀对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,耕作土土壤侵蚀强度高于自然土,表明耕作活动增加了土壤流失的危险;侵蚀造成土壤颗粒粗化,且主要是直径为0.005～0.05mm的粉粒流失,自然土尤为明显;耕作土的粗化则不仅取决于侵蚀,还取决于耕作活动引起的机械淋移;侵蚀并导致侵蚀发生地土壤养分(OM、TN、TP)减少及土层变薄。这些结果说明侵蚀确实造成苏南坡地土壤退化。As soil erosion can accelerate soil degradation, some natural soilsand cultivated soils on sloping land in Southern Jiangsu Province, China were chosen to study soil degradation associated with erosion. Soil erosion intensity was investigated using 137Cs tracer method. Soil particle-size distribution, soil organic matter (OM) content, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) measured and the effects of erosion on soil physical and chemical properties wereanalyzed with statistic software SYSTAT8.0. The results indicated that soil erosion intensity for cultivated soils was greater than that of natural soils, suggesting that cultivation increased soil loss. Soil erosion also led to an increase of coarser soil particle proportion, especially in natural soils. In addition,we also found that silt (0.05～0.005 mm) was the primary soil particle lost due to the erosion. However, in cultivated fields, coarser soil particles over time were attributed not only by soil erosion but also by mechanical eluviation as a result of farming activities. Moreover, erosion caused a decrease in soil OM, TN and TP as well as thinning of soil layer.

关 键 词：^137Cs丢失量 土壤粗化 养分减少 土壤退化 土层变薄 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]