凡纳对虾淡化养殖健康虾池水体生态研究  

The Aquatic Ecology in Litopenaeus vannamai Desalination Culture Health Ponds

作　　者：查广才[1] 周昌清[1] 黄建荣[1] 何建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第1期78-81,85,共5页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家973计划资助项目(1999G012011);广东省揭阳市科技资助项目(JY0305);珠海科技资助项目(200310084);生物防治国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(0202)

摘　　要：对20个凡纳对虾Litopenaeusvannamai淡化养殖健康虾池水体理化及生物因子进行调查,调查结果健康虾池大小(0 48±0 19)hm2,水深(145±13)cm,最适放苗密度(148±30)万尾/hm2,盐度(2±2)‰,水温(30 6±3 3)℃,溶解氧(5 5±1 5)mg/L,pH值8 5±0 7,透明度(19±5)cm,氨氮(0 65±0 76)mg/L,亚硝基氮(0 15±0 17)mg/L,化学耗氧量(21 52±5 45)mg/L。虾池藻类种类数为43±8种,密度(1 51±0 76)×108个/L,多样性指数2 15±0 49,藻类优势种12种,蓝藻6种,硅藻2种,绿藻3种,隐藻1种,健康虾池优势种以螺旋藻Spirulinasp 为主,种群丰富度高而稳定。虾池原生动物种类数为14±3种,密度(2 71±1 79)×105个/L,多样性指数2 01±0 47,优势种9种,圆筒状拟铃壳虫Tintinnopsiscylindrata、毛板壳虫Colepshirtus和海洋帆口虫Pleuronemamarinum为常见优势种,优势种主要是食细菌—碎屑类。健康虾池水体异养菌群数量(2 37±1 83)×107cfu/L,弧菌数量(11 77±13 86)×105cfu/L,底泥异养细菌总数(7 90±29 08)×108cfu/L,弧菌总数(1 18±3 27)×107cfu/L。In June 2002 to October 2003, the investigation was conducted in 20 Litopenaeus vannamai desalination culture health ponds in Doumen, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province. The areas of the health ponds were (0.48±0.19) hm^2 with water depth (145±13) cm, its culture density of L.vannamai was (148±30)×10~4 individuals/hm^2.The water temperature was (30.6±3.3) ℃, the value of water pH was (8.5±0.7), salinity of cultural water (2±2)‰ and the water transparency (19±5) cm; ammonia_nitrogen(0.65±0.76) mg/L, nitrite_nitrogen (0.15±0.17) mg/L,chemical oxygen demand(COD) (21.52±5.45) mg/L. The numbers of algae species were 43±8 in health ponds, algae density (1.51±0.76)×10~8 individals/L and its biodiversity index 2.15±0.49. There were 12 algae dominant species identified which included Cyanophyta 6 species, Chlorophyta 3 species, Bacillariophyta 2 species, Cryptophyta 1 species. The Spirulina sp. was common and important dominant species in health ponds, its abundance was very high and populations were stable. The numbers of protozoan species were 14±3 in health culture ponds, its density were (2.71±1.79)×10~5 cell/L and biodiversity index 2.01±0.47. 9 dominant species of Protozoa were identified, in which Tintinnopsis cylindrata, Coleps hirtus and Pleuronema marinum were common appearance,they live mainly on bacteria and organic fragment. The sum of heterotrophic bacteria was( 2.37±1.83)×10~7 cfu/L and Vibrio were (11.77±13.86)×10~5 cfu/L in cultural water, but in sediment surface the heterotrophic bacteria were (7.90±29.08)×10~8 cfu/L, the Vibrio (1.18±3.27)×10~7 cfu/L.

关 键 词：凡纳对虾 LITOPENAEUS varmamai 淡化养殖 健康虾池 水体生态 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖] Q178[农业科学—水产科学]