水力热力模型的几何变态与分类  

Geometric distortion and classification of thermo-hydraulic models

作　　者：陈惠泉 

机构地区：[1]水利水电科学研究院冷却水所

出　　处：《水利学报》1993年第3期18-27,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

摘　　要：本文为水力热力物理模型几何变态比尺影响的理论分析、水槽系统试验、及模型模拟实践综合研究成果。文中阐述了温排水近、远区关系及同时满足其模型相似要求的矛盾,分析了几何变态对水流扩散、水面散热、环境水质相似性方面存在的比尺冲突。 大量实践证明,模型几何变态程度的取舍,应由试验主要目的、试验精度要求、试验现有条件等各方面因素综合判断辩证确定,不能拘泥于几何变态本身的某些规定或限制。据此观点提出了水力热力模型的分类和相应相似准则。The paper presents some theoretical analyses and experimental studies on the scale effect of model's geometric distortion. Contradiction and incompatibility of various simulation requirements are discussed. The flume investigations were carried out in a flume of 21×2×0.6m. Simple configurations of receiving water body and intake-outlet structures were simulated with geometric distortion ratio ranging from 1 to 10. It is found the scale effect is connected with the effluent densimetric Froude number and the crossflow ratio. Comparisons of experimental results obtained from models with different distortion ratios are illustrated. It is verified that model's distortion tends to exaggerate the horizontal diffusion and alleviate the vertical diffusion, a conclusion drawn by the same author decades ago.Recomendation is made to establish the idea that the true sense of physical modeling technique depends largely on the correct choice of governing parameters of the physical phenomena to be simulated and on the proper balancing between the feasibility of modeling and the necessary relaxation of the similarity criteria required. A classification of thermo-hydraulic models adoptable under different conditions is presented in this context and the relevant similarity criteria as well as their permissible relaxation are given.

关 键 词：水力热力模型 几何变态 分类 

分 类 号：TV137[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]