北疆高产棉花密度与打顶时序调控的生态位适宜度研究  

A study of niche-fitness regulated by density-pit-cut-date and order on high yield cotton in North Xinjiang.

作　　者：马富裕[1] 杨建荣[1] 郑重[1] 李鲁华[1] 程海涛[1] 慕彩芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院新疆兵团生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2005年第2期136-140,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (3 0 160 0 2 1);石河子大学自然科学基金资助项目 (2 0 11)。

摘　　要：以北疆棉区高产 (2 0 0 0kg·hm-2 )棉花 (G .hirsutumL .)为研究对象 ,引进生态位适宜度理论对受密度和打顶时序调控的高产棉花生态位适宜度进行了研究。经果表明 ,在密度梯度上 ,随密度增加棉花生态位适宜度值增加。 1 5 0× 1 0 3 株·hm-2 密度下 ,分次打顶降低了生态位适宜度 ,导致减产 ;在高密度种植条件下 ,分期打顶能提高生态位适宜度 ,有利于提高产量。在 2 2 5× 1 0 3 和 30 0× 1 0 3 株·hm-2 密度条件下 ,与同密度下 1次打顶 (7/5 )相比 ,2次打顶增产 4 5 %和 1 1 3%,3次打顶增产 7 5 %和 5 9%。 1 5 0× 1 0 3 株·hm-2 密度下 ,棉田苗蕾期LAI较小、漏光损失大 ,光合势低 ,是实现超高产的主要限制因子 ,花铃期的分期打顶导致减产。在 2 2 5× 1 0 3 和 30 0× 1 0 3 株·hm-2 密度条件下 ,棉花苗蕾期LAI增加 ,分期打顶保证了花铃期较适宜的LAI ,提高了棉花生态位适宜度 ,有利于提高产量 ;1次打顶处理 (7月 5日 )比本区生产上的打顶时间 (7月 1 0日左右 )提早了 5d左右 ,使高密度棉花群体LAI的发展受到了一定程度地限制 ,避免了因密度高群体透光条件的恶化而降低了其生态位适宜度值 ,造成减产损失。Taking high yield (2 000?kg·hm -2) cotton (G.hirsutum L.) in North Xinjiang as the object,the niche-fitness values regulated by density and tip cut date was studied.The results showed that the optimum niche values tended to increase with the increasing density.Compared with one time tip cut (7/5),two times (6/20,7/20) and three times (6/20,7/5,7/20) tip cut reduced the optimum niche value and yield at density of 150×103 plants·hm -2,but increased optimum niche value and yield at density of 225×103 and 300×103 plants·hm -2.Lower LAI was the main limit factor of treatment at density of 150×103 plants·hm -2,as less solar quantum being captured for lower LAI during seedling and bud developing periods.The measures of increasing density and different tip cut date increased the fitness because of optimized LAI during all periods of cotton growth.The LAI increasing speeds during blooming period of 225×103 and 300×103 plants·hm -2 were limited to a certain extent because the tip cut date(7/5) was about 5 days ahead practice(7/10),which avoided excessive LAI.So,advanced tip cut date for once or different tip cut date for 2 or 3 times could increase optimum niche values of 225×103 and 300×103 plants·hm -2.

关 键 词：生态位适宜度 密度 打顶时序 棉花 

分 类 号：S562.05[农业科学—作物学]