MS1与MS1-HS两种选择方法的比较研究 Ⅱ.遗传方差、配合力及杂种优势  

Improvement Effect of MS1 and MS1-HS Recurrent Selection in Maize Population ZZ4 Ⅱ.Genetic Variance, Combining Ability and Heterosis

作　　者：彭泽斌[1] 田志国[1] 刘新芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2005年第1期29-35,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"玉米育种攻关项目 (96 0 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 2 )

摘　　要：对ZZ4完成了 4轮MS1 HS和MS1选择。结果表明 ,经 4轮选择的群体 ,两种方法均有效地保留了各主要性状的遗传方差。MS1 HS选择的群体遗传方差下降速率更慢 ,C4群体的单株籽粒产量的遗传方差仅减少 3 7%。穗长、穗粗、粒行数、行粒数、出籽率、百粒重的遗传方差的变化与单株籽粒产量一致 ,MS1C4的遗传方差减少了 8%～ 15 % ,MS1 HSC4的遗传方差仅减少了 4 %～ 15 %。株高、穗位高、抽丝期、植株保绿度、抗倒性等相关选择性状的遗传方差的变化与产量性状基本一致。MS1 HS法对改良玉米群体籽粒产量与测验种间的特殊配合力十分有效 ,呈逐轮上升的趋势 ;改良群体与测验种综系 14 0间的杂交后代产量平均每轮提高 6 % ,杂种优势平均每轮提高 6 9%。两种方法在改良群体产量性状一般配合力方面 ,均得到了良好的效果。同时 ,穗部性状及株高、穗位、抽丝期、散粉期、抗性等田间农艺性状的一般配合力也获得了同步改良。通过ZZ4改良群体与 6个测验种间杂交组合产量及杂种优势的比较研究 ,得出ZZ4与黄早四类种质为杂种优势模式对。Four cycle of modified S1-HS recurrent selection(MS1-HS) and modified S1 progeny (MS1) recurrent selection aiming at improvement of grain yield in ZZ4 maize(Zea mays L.) population have been completed in northern China.The responses to major agronomic traits for two methods in ZZ4 were evaluated in 2000 at four locations.Analysis of variance indicated that significant progress(P<0.05)was grained among populations for all traits.The plentiful genetic variance of main grain yields and agronomic traits was remained in ZZ4 C4 population by two methods.The genetic variance of grain yields /plant in C4 population only decreased by 3.7% as compared with that of C0 population.The trends of genetic variance for ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel row, number of row per ear, shelling ratio and 100-kernel weight were the same as that of grain yields /plant.At the C4 population, the genetic variances were only reduced by 8%-15% for MS1, 4%-15% for MS1-HS as compared with that of C0 population.The plant height, ear height, the lodging, the mean days to silk emergence, pollen shedding and wilting resistant traits were gained as same as the ear traits.The gains of hybrid grain yields and heterosis of testcross combinations between improved populations per cycle and testing cultivars were 120-200 kg/ha and 21-118 kg/ha, respectively.The MS1-HS method gained good result for SCA of grain yields in testcrosses and heterosis between improved populations and testing cultivars.Both MS1-HS and MS1 were good methods for GCA of grain yield in improved populations.There were the same results for ear traits and other major agronomic traits.

关 键 词：玉米 群体改良 改良MS1-HS联合家系选择 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]