东方田鼠室内繁殖与生长发育观察  

Laboratory Observation on Breeding and Growth and Development of Microtus fortis

作　　者：刘宗传[1] 何永康[1] 张新跃[1] 杨瑞青[1] 张慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省寄生虫病防治研究所,岳阳414000

出　　处：《中国实验动物学报》2001年第1期49-54,共6页Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部"九五"攻关项目!(1 996-A2 3-0 6-0 4 )资助课题部分内容

摘　　要：目的　探寻室内东方田鼠的繁殖与生长发育规律。方法　以F4 代鼠及其仔代 (F5)为对象 ,分别观察其繁殖与生长发育情况。结果　室内东方田鼠一年四季均具有繁殖能力 ,春 (3～ 4月 )秋 (1 0～ 1 1月 )两季为繁殖高峰期 ;雌雄单一配对比多性比配对的母鼠繁殖率明显提高 ;母鼠怀孕期 2 0～ 2 1d ,窝产仔数 3～ 1 1只 ,平均 (4 8± 1 5)只 ,初生重 2 5～ 4 4g ;幼鼠 3d龄耳壳全部竖立 ,6～ 8d龄被毛长全 ,7～ 1 1d龄开眼 ,1 0～1 1d牙齿长齐 ;1 5d龄左右具有采食能力 ,2 0d龄可完全断奶 ;60～ 70d龄可见个别雌鼠阴门开孔 ,75～ 90d龄可见多数雌鼠阴门开孔和雄鼠睾丸明显下位 ;3月龄后体重、身长增长不显著。结论　开放式 (普通级 )饲养环境下 ,室内东方田鼠的繁殖季节、窝产仔数及初生重与野生东方田鼠基本相似 ;种群密度、性比对雌鼠的繁殖率有明显影响 ;2～ 3月龄为性成熟期 ,3～ 4月龄为体成熟和初配时期。但成熟时间存在个体差异 。Objective To find out the breeding, growth and development characteristics of Microtus fortis in laboratory Methods Laboratory observations were carried out on the fourth and fifth filial generation (F 4 & F 5) Results The females bred all the year with the major seasons from March to April and from October to November The breeding rate for single sex ratio mating was much higher than that for multi-sex ratio mating The pregnant period was 20-21 days The nest size was ranged from 3 to 11 with the mean size of 4 8±1 5 The weight of newborn M fortis was 2 5-4 4 g, Ear erection occurred among 3-day-old infant M fortis Hair cover was fully-grown at the age of 6-8 days Eyes opened at 7-11 days old All teeth emerged at 10-11 days old Young M fortis could feed themselves at the 15th day after birth and live completely independently at the 20th day when breast-feeding could be stopped A few of female pudenda holes could be seen at 60-70 days old, and most of female pudenda ones and apparent male tentes seen at 75-90 days old The growth of body weight and height weren't remarkable after 3 months from birth Conclusion Under the open indoor environment, the breeding season, nest size and weight of newborn of M fortis in laboratory were as that of wild M fortis The density and sex ratio of colony showed an apparent influence on breeding rate of females Most of M fortis matured completely at the second to 3rd month after birth and could make the first mating at the 3rd-4th month But there existed individual difference in maturing period, which was influenced by nutrition and environmental factors

关 键 词：繁殖率 月龄 窝产仔数 初生重 生长发育 性比 体成熟 东方田鼠 雌鼠 观察 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学] S828[农业科学—畜牧学]