英国与近代中外贸易“法治”的建立  

Britain and the Establishment of “Rule of law” for Sino-Western Trade at the Treaty Ports between the Two Opium Wars

作　　者：王立诚[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,200433

出　　处：《历史研究》2001年第2期69-82,共14页Historical Research

摘　　要：两次鸦片战争期间 ,英国从最初在领事报关制度下协助清政府缉私 ,到取消协助缉私的条约义务 ,进而攫夺中国的海关行政权 ,改造海关和实现鸦片贸易合法化 ,其贯穿始终的核心目标是在通商口岸建立一种符合其利益的“法治” ,以保障其在不平等条约下的自由贸易。而清政府未能自主形成顺应新贸易格局的政府功能 ,结果将建立法治的政府职能以及相应的权益拱手送人 ,从而在“抚夷”的幻象下沦为列强的附庸。During the period between the two opium wars, Britain cooperated at first with the Qing government in suppressing smuggling under the consular customs procedure. Then it rescinded its treaty obligation in this regard and finally usurped the administration of Chinese customs to initiate the transformation of Chinese customs and legalize the opium trade. Their aim was to establish an order of “rule of law” to protect its interests at the treaty ports and ensure free trade under the conditions of privileges accorded to it by the unequal treaties. The Qing government failed to adapt to the new conditions and handed over its government functions in connection with the rule of law to the British, finally becoming dependent on the foreign powers under the illusion of “appeasing the barbarians.”

关 键 词：“法治” 条约 行政权 立法 清政府 合法化 保障 领事 鸦片贸易 鸦片战争 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学]