清惠陵选址史实探赜  

作　　者：史箴[1] 汪江华[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院

出　　处：《建筑师》2004年第6期92-100,共9页The Architect

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;批准号50378059;59978027

摘　　要：我国古代陵墓建筑根植于正统儒家礼治思想和“比德山水”的审美理想。在继承和发展明代“陵制与山水相称”经营理念的基础上,清代皇家陵寝以生生不息、永恒伟大的山川形胜作为创作本体,使建筑人文美与山水自然美有机结合,从而达到一种隽永、崇高的审美境界。因此,选址也就成了经营和评价陵寝的首要条件。惠陵是清穆宗同治帝的陵寝,建造历时近五年,耗资八百多万两白银,可谓工程浩大。至今,惠陵不仅建筑实物保存完好,同时还有包括“样式雷”图档在内的大量相关工程档案和文献遗存。通过对这些原始工程记录的系统整理和研究,可以理清惠陵工程选址的具体操作程序,进而揭示出清代皇家陵寝风水选址的实质内容和评价标准。The Chinese ancient mausoleum architecturerooted in the propriety of Confucianism and the aestheticideality to compare the moral integrity to mountain andwater. Trying to make the Tomb construction follow themountain and water, fitting to the convenience of geo-graphical condition and the theory of Feng Shui, is thedesign principle of Ming dynasty. Basing on and develop-ing the tradition of Ming, the Qing dynasty Royal imperialmausoleum made the mountain as the reality building,tried to Seek for the perfect and magnificent geographicalenvironment, and tried to integrate of the nature andmanual environment together. So site selection always wasa task of paramount importance in the mausoleumconstruction. Hui Tomb is the mausoleum of Tongzhi, theeighth emperor of Qing dynasty. As a vast project, it lastmore than five years and cost more than eight million liangsilver. Now it is not only in a good preservation, but also arethere many engineering drawing and document left, whichwere named by the famous royal architects family in Qingdynasty 'yang shi lei', By systematically sorting out andstudying on the material of 'yang shi lei', we can lines outthe site selection press of Hui Tomb, and trie to concretelypoint out the core content and criterion of Feng Shuitheory, using in the set selection of the Royal imperialmausoleum, by a typical example.

关 键 词：清惠陵 选址方式 陵墓建筑 环境条件 建筑艺术 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]