乙醇-柴油混合燃料排放物的遗传毒性检测及分析  

study on the genetoxicity of exhausts of disesl engine with ethanol-diesel blending fuel

作　　者：刘克明[1] 王春花[1] 周蕾[1] 张明月[1] 宋崇林[2] 范国梁[2] 刘朋[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市卫生防病中心毒理室,300011 [2]天津大学国家内燃机重点实验室

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2005年第1期42-44,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解在柴油中掺烧不同比例乙醇对柴油机工作时污染排放的影响,为寻找节能、低污染汽车燃料提供科学依据。方法采用Ames试验、彗星试验及色谱-质谱联用仪对不同比例乙醇-柴油(体积比为0∶100、5∶95、10∶90、20∶80)混合燃料排放颗粒提取物(E0、E5、E10、E20)进行了遗传毒性检测和16种多环芳烃测定及分析。结果不同比例乙醇-柴油混合燃料燃烧后排放颗粒提取物在Ames试验和彗星试验中均为阳性反应,表明其具有明显的致基因突变及DNA损伤作用。其中不掺烧乙醇的柴油排放物(E0)遗传毒性作用明显,掺体积分数为5%的乙醇的排放物(E5)遗传毒性降低,增加掺烧乙醇的比例,排放物的毒性作用又逐渐增强。多环芳烃的测定结果显示,不掺烧乙醇排放物比排量较高(77.19μg·kw-1·h-1),掺烧体积分数为5%的乙醇可降低比排放量(62.43μg·kw-1·h-1),增加掺烧乙醇比例,比排量又出现明显的增加(107.15μg·kw-1·h-1)。其结果与基因突变试验和DNA损伤试验结果有一定的正相关。结论与纯柴油或高比例掺烧乙醇相比较,掺燃体积分数为5%的乙醇的柴油燃料可降低燃烧排放物中多环芳烃的比排放量和燃烧排放物的遗传毒性。Objective To study the genetoxicity of components of diesel engine exhausts with ethanol-diesel blending fuel.To provide scientific arguments to find more economical and less polluted fuels. ~Methods Ames test,comet assay and GC-MS technique were used to test the genetoxicity and 16 kinds of PAHs on diesel engine exhausts with different proportions of ethanol(E0,E5,E10,E20). Results Both Ames test and comet assay were positive.It shows that diesel engine exhausts can lead to mutation and DNA damage,especially in pure diesel oil.But the content of 16 kinds of PAHs and DNA damage level decreased in exhausts of E5.With the increase of ethanol proportion in diesel oil,the content of 16 kinds of PAHs and DNA damage level increased. ~Conclusion Compared with pure diesel oil and high proportion of ethanol fuel,E5 can reduce the genetoxicity and the brake specific exhausts of PAHs.

关 键 词：乙醇 遗传毒性 DNA损伤 彗星试验 基因突变 AMES试验 提取物 多环芳烃 排放物 污染排放 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]