绵阳市近5年疑似麻疹爆发疫情的特征及控制  

EPIDEMIC FEATURE AND CONTROL STRATEGY ABOUT MEASLES OUTBREAK

作　　者：唐桂蓉 张佩如[1] 谢高福[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川绵阳市疾病预防控制中心,绵阳621000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2005年第2期131-131,130,共2页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 :通过对绵阳市近 5年麻疹爆发疫情的流行病学特征及控制策略分析 ,为控制和消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法 :麻疹监测系统报告的疑似麻疹爆发疫情进行流行病学调查 ,采集病人急性期血清检测麻疹抗体IgM。采取隔离治疗现症病人 ,对易感人群免疫接种 ,重点人群强化免疫等措施控制疫情。结果 :对 2 5起 (1138例 )疑似麻疹爆发疫情 ,确诊麻疹爆发 19起 (985例 ) ,占报告起数和例数的 76 %和 86 6 % ,其余为风疹等发热出疹性疾病。麻疹病人有明确麻疹疫苗免疫史的占 5 3 6 % ,未接种过的占 4 8% ,免疫史不详的占 4 1 6 %。麻疹疫苗初免失败率为 6 5 %。对目标人群进行麻疹疫苗强化免疫后 ,控制了麻疹爆发疫情频发的现状。结论 :麻疹疫苗接种率低和初免失败等因素是麻疹爆发频发的重要原因。对重点人群实施强化免疫 ,提高免疫覆盖率是控制麻疹重要策略。Objective:To supply scientific foundation for cotroling and cleaning up measles by analysing the epidemiologic feature and control strategy about outbreak of measles.Methods:The epidemic situation of measles outbreak has been investigated in Mianyang,which reported by monitoring system;and to collect acute serum of the cases;detect the measlea autibody IgM;keep the measles cases apart from health crowd,inoculate the impressionable crowd and intensify vaccination in the important crowd.Results:Among the 25 suspicious measles in the 1 138 cases,19 cases in 985 cases were diagnosed measles by epidemiological survey and serologicalchecking,occupied 76% and 86.6% of the 25 reported cases and the total 1138 cases,the others were RFIs(such as Rubella).Among the measles identified,only 53.61% of the cases had definite immunization history,4.82%never had any measles vaccination,and 41.6% had unknown immunization history.The serological survey indicated that the failure rate of first measles immunization was 6.55%.It should control the actuality that measles outbreak frequently after vaccinating important crowd.Conclusion:The important reason that lead to measles outbreak frequently was low rate of measles vaccination and failed inoculation.The serological diagonsis is the important way to differentiate measles from the other RFIs.It's very important to improve the rate of measles immunization and intensify vaccination in the important crowd.

关 键 词：爆发疫情 疑似麻疹 麻疹疫苗 病人 强化免疫 免疫史 重点人群 绵阳市 策略 特征 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]