广州地区SARS流行期和非流行期献血人群SARS病毒抗体的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study on SARS-CoV Ab among volunteer blood donors during SARS epidemic phase and non-SARS epidemic phase in Guangzhou

作　　者：郑优荣[1] 江朝富[1] 汪传喜[1] 梁华钦[1] 李仲平[1] 黎世杰[1] 何珠[1] 李玉笑[1] 张红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2005年第1期11-13,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：国家863计划基金资助课题(编号:2003AA208104); 2003年广州市卫生局科研基金资助课题

摘　　要：目的　分析广州地区SARS流行期和非流行期无偿献血人群中严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)病毒感染 情况,为制定预防输血传播SARS病毒措施提供科学依据。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对无偿献血者血 液进行SARS病毒抗体筛查,对SARS病毒抗体阳性样本用荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)法进一步检测SARS病毒核 酸。采用统一的个案调查表对20名SARS病毒抗体阳性无偿献血者进行电话咨询调查,同时对31名SARS康复献 浆者进行检测,分析相关数据作对照。结果　6120名无偿献血者中,共检测出SARS病毒抗体阳性56例,阳性率为 0.92%,31名SARS康复献浆者中,检测出SARS病毒抗体阳性30例,阳性率为96.77%;SARS流行期和非流行期 无偿献血者SARS病毒抗体阳性率分别为0.91%和0.92%,56名无偿献血者SARS病毒抗体阳性的平均S/CO值 (2.34)和抗体平均滴度(≤1∶2)均明显低于30名SARS康复献浆者的平均S/CO值(14.8)和抗体平均滴度(≤1∶ 32);56例SARS病毒抗体阳性无偿献血者血液样本均未检测出SARS病毒核酸;20例SARS病毒抗体阳性无偿献 血者的调查显示:献血者身体健康,无SARS患者密切接触史。结论　广州地区无偿献血人群中存在的低水平 SARS病毒抗体阳性率,是否表明SARS病毒抗体阳性献血者曾经感染过SARS病毒。Objective To investigate the situation and distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in volunteer blood donors during SARS epidemic phase and non-SARS epidemic phase in Guangzhou and provide scientific basis for developing preventive strategies. Methods Blood samples from volunteer donors were tested for SARS-CoV Ab by ELISA,and samples from 31 plasma donors recovered from SARS were tested as control. Donors with positive SARS-CoV Ab were further tested for SARS-CoV RNA by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. Standardized questionnaires were adopted to conduct investigation by telephone on 20 donors with positive SARS-CoV Ab. Results SARS-CoV Ab was positive in 56 of 6120 volunteer blood donors and in 30 of 31 plasma donors recovered from SARS. The positive rates of SARS-CoV Ab were 0.92% and 96.77% respectively. In volunteer blood donors of SARS epidemic phase and non-SARS epidemic phase, the positive rates of SARS-CoV Ab were 0.91% and 0.92% respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. The mean S/CO and the titer of SARS-CoV Ab were 2.34 and ≤1∶2 respectively in the 56 volunteer blood donors, significantly lower than those of the 30 plasma donors recovered from SARS (S/CO 14.8,titer ≤1∶32). All donors with positive SARS-CoV Ab were negative for SARS-CoV RNA. Telephone consultation of 20 random blood donors with positive SARS-CoV Ab found that they were in good health and had not have close contact with SARS patients. Conclusion There is a low positive rate of SARS-CoV Ab among random blood donors in Guangzhou. Further studies are needed to find out whether those donors have been infected by SARS. It is also possible that those reactions were false positive, which might be caused by cross reactions. It is suggested that the present measures of SARS prevention could ensure blood safety.

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸道综合征 献血者 病毒抗体.SARS流行病学 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R457.1[医药卫生—内科学]