中国铁矿资源开发中的生态包袱  

Ecological Rucksacks of Iron Ore Exploitation in China

作　　者：王青[1] 丁一[1] 顾晓薇[1] 刘敬智[1] 刘建兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与生态经济研究中心,沈阳110004

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第1期2-7,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)。

摘　　要：铁矿资源的开发一方面为工业提供重要原料,另一方面对生态环境带来冲击,生态包袱是现今国际上表征这种冲击的一个综合量化指标。生态包袱指人类为获得有用物质动用的没有直接进入交易和生产过程的物料,它形象地表达出有用物品的生产所造成的附加生态压力———每一件供人类享用的物品都背着一个消费者看不到的沉重包袱。生态包袱从输入端全面地揭示物品生产过程对自然资源的消耗和对生态环境的冲击,是从源头解决生态环境问题必须度量、监测和控制的重要指标之一。由于大多数工业产品的主要物质组成是金属和非金属矿物,因此研究矿产资源开发的生态包袱具有重要意义。本文以中国铁矿资源开发为研究对象,计算其1991年～2000年的生态包袱。结果表明,2000年平均1t铁原矿、精矿和成品矿的非生物性生态包袱分别为1 28t、4 40t和3 19t,水生态包袱分别为0 58t、5 77t和4 82t。全国铁矿石非生物性生态包袱在整体上有较明显的下降趋势,但重点铁矿山原矿的这一指标略有上升。研究结果对进一步计算我国钢铁产品的生态包袱,以及对其他国家计算其进口的中国钢铁产品所对应的非直接投入具有重要的实用价值。Exploitation of iron ore provides raw materials for the nation's industries, and at the same time creates various environmental impacts. 'Ecological rucksack' is a comprehensive indicator that can be used to quantify such impacts. Ecological rucksack refers to the materials that are not directly traded and used. It vividly depicts the added ecological burden incurred in obtaining useful goods——every product we consume carries a heavy, but directly invisible rucksack. Ecological rucksack brings into full view of the 'hidden', but real, depletion of natural resources and impacts on the environment associated with consumption goods. Ecological rucksack is one of the important indicators that we should measure and control in order to solve ecological and environmental problems at the source. Most industrial products contain metal and nonmetal minerals. Therefore, investigating ecological rucksacks of minerals is of great significance. In this study, ecological rucksacks of crude iron ore, iron ore concentrate and finished ore of China were calculated in the period of 1991～2000. The results show that, on the average, a ton of crude iron ore, iron ore concentrate and finished ore in 2000 have an abiotic material rucksack of 1.28t, 4.40t and 3.19t and a water rucksack of 0.58t, 5.77t and 4.82t, respectively. While the overall abiotic material rucksacks of iron ore displayed a decreasing trend, that of crude iron ore from the key mines increased slightly over the study period. The results have a practical value for further calculation on the ecological rucksacks of iron and steel and steel-based products produced in China.

关 键 词：中国 铁矿资源 钢铁产品 生态环境 交易 工业产品 下降趋势 生产过程 物品 实用价值 

分 类 号：F426.1[经济管理—产业经济]