牙鲆的胚胎发育  

Study on the embryonic development of Paralichthys olivaceus

作　　者：田永胜[1] 陈松林[1] 严安生[2] 季相山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水产学报》2004年第6期609-615,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"十五"863项目(2001AA621100)

摘　　要：在牙鲆胚胎玻璃化冷冻中,为了准确选择胚胎的冷冻时期,掌握胚胎发育进程,同时为牙鲆苗种培育提供一定的依据,对海水工厂化养殖牙鲆的胚胎发育进行了研究。牙鲆受精卵培养在14～16℃、盐度29.9的海水中,利用Olympus显微镜对牙鲆胚胎发育过程连续观察,对各个胚胎时期的发育时间进行了记录,并对每一时期的特征用Olympus照像机进行了拍摄。实验记录了从受精卵到出膜后5d的29个具体发育时期的特征和发育时间,拍摄了30张具有代表性的胚胎和鱼苗图片,将牙鲆胚胎发育划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、肌节期、尾芽期、心跳期、胚体转动期、出膜前期、出膜期10个连续的典型时期。在此培养条件下牙鲆胚胎历时93h完成整个胚胎发育,孵化出膜,再经96h的胚后发育卵黄囊完全吸收,之后进入变态期,向成鱼转化。Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), which naturally inhabits the seas of China, Korea, Russia and Japan, has become one of the most important cultivated species. In order to do cryopreservation research of the Japanese flounder embryos, it is important to define definitely embryo developmental stage. In addition, study of Japanese flounder embryo development will provide support for the fry breeding. In the present study, embryonic development of Japanese flounder cultured in hatchery was studied. Japanese flounder embryos were incubated in sea water (salinity: 29.9) at 14-16℃ and the course of embryonic development was observed consecutively under Olympus microscope. The total development time of every development stage was noted and calculated and the characteristic images were taken using Olympus camera. The characteristics and time of 29 embryonic development stages were noted from the fertilization to the hatching after 5 d. 30 photographs, representing the characters of all the development stages and fry, were taken. The time-table of major embryonic development stages of Japanese flounder was as follows: blastodisc forming stage at 0.5 h post fertilization (pf); four cell stage at 2.5 h pf; morula at 10.5 h pf; low blastula stage at 17 h pf; early gastrula stage at 20 h 10 m pf; late gastrula at 28.5 h pf; blastopore closing stage at 29 h 44 m pf; nurula stage at 30 h 40 m pf; 4-5 somite stage at 35 h 20 m pf; 15-20 somite stage at 40 h 10 m pf; tail bud stage at 49 h 10 m pf; heart beating stage at 67 h 12 m pf; embryo movement at 75 h 10 m pf; pre-hatching stage at 90 h 9 m pf; hatching stage at 93 h pf. Yolk sac was completely absorbed 190 h after fertilization and then entered metamorphosis stage.

关 键 词：牙鲆 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：Q132.4[生物学—普通生物学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]