高产棉花打顶调控的群体适宜性研究  

A Study on the Fitness of Cotton on Canopy Regulated by Topping Under High Yield Condition

作　　者：马富裕[1] 程海涛[1] 李少昆[1,2] 张红 杨建荣 郑重[1] 李鲁华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆兵团生态农业重点实验室 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物遗传育种重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]芳草湖总场良繁场

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2004年第12期1843-1848,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30160021);石河子大学自然科学基金资助项目(2011)

摘　　要：以北疆高产棉花为研究对象,对3种密度条件下不同打顶时间调控的高产棉花光合势、最大叶面积指数(LAImax)、冠层透光率、纤维品质和产量等进行了研究。在密度梯度上,随密度增加棉花产量增加。在225?03和300?03株穐a-1高密度条件下,与同密度下1次打顶(7月5日)相比,2次打顶增产8.4%和13.4%,3次打顶增产6.4%和7.1%。在150?03株穐a-1密度情况下,7月5日1次打顶处理产量最高,2次、3次打顶处理产量分别下降8.2%和6.2%。低密度情况下,棉田苗蕾期LAI较小、漏光损失大,光合势低,是实现高产、超高产的主要限制因子,分期打顶使群体适宜性降低,导致减产。高密度条件下棉花苗蕾期LAI增加,提高了棉花群体光合势;分期打顶使LAI在冠层中的分布向上向下“分异”,保证了较适宜的LAImax及其在冠层中的合理分布。当密度增加至300?03株穐a-1时,纤维比强度显著下降。生产上宜将最高密度(实际收获密度)设定在225?03株穐a-1左右,既能增强棉花群体的适应性,提高产量,且对品质影响不明显。By taking high yield cotton in North Xinjiang as the object, the canopy regulated by topping was researched. The results showed that the yield tended to increase with the increase of planting density. Two times (6/20, 7/20) and three times (6/20, 7/5, 7/20)of topping reduced the yield with density of 150×103 plantsha-1, but increased the yield at the density of 225×103 plantsha-1 and 300×103 plantsha-1, compared with one topping(7/5). Less solar quantum was captured because of lower LAI during seedling and bud period, so lower LAI was the main limiting factor of increasing yield at the density of 150×103 plantsha-1 during this period. It was found that increasing density and different topping dates increased the yield because of the optimized LAI during the cotton growing period. The LAI increased at the density of 225×103 plantsha-1 and 300×103 plantsha-1 so the topping(7/5) time was about 5 days earlier than common field (7/10) during the blooming period, so excessive LAI were avoided. Advanced topping for once or for 2 or 3 times could increase adaptability of canopy and the yield at the density of 225×103 plantsha-1 and 300×103 plantsha-1. The treatment of 300×103 plantsha-1 reduced the strength of fiber, the most quality of fiber, so the actual harvesting of 225×103plantsha-1 was feasible and positive in physiology and ecology of canopy.

关 键 词：打顶 棉花 高产 LAI 光合势 冠层 群体 分期 调控 处理 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S513