一次飞机播云的微物理效应分析  

THE STUDIES ON THE MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AIRCRAFT CLOUD SEEDING

作　　者：周德平[1] 宫福久[1] 高建春 王吉宏[1] 李子华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110015 [2]北京大气环境科学研究所,北京100028

出　　处：《气象科学》2004年第4期405-412,共8页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家科研院所社会公益研究专项资金项目 (2 0 0 1DIB10 0 84 );"十五"国家科技攻关重大计划项目(2 0 0 1BA6 10A 0 6 0 9)资助

摘　　要：根据 1995年 6月 2 9日对辽宁省一次层状云降水过程的飞机探测资料 ,对人工增雨催化作业前后各高度层云的含水量、云雨滴数密度、谱型等微物理参量进行了分析研究。结果表明 :作业云层 (高度 :4 .0～ 5 .5km ,温度 : 4 .5～ 13.8℃ )的云水含量约为 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 3g/m3,是整个云体中最大的 ,但冰雪晶相对较少 ,特别是 5km以上云层 ,冰晶粒子只有 10 0 0～ 2 0 0 0m 3,因此对这一云层作业是适宜的。作业后在作业高度层产生了大量冰晶 ,由于冰晶和过冷云滴同时存在 ,导致小云滴的数密度由 34.38cm 3减少到 8.97cm 3,过冷液态含水量由 0 .0 15 g/m3减少到 0 .0 0 5 g/m3;大云滴和冰雪晶的数密度由 6 18m 3增加为 2 2 6 7m 3、含水量由 0 .10 g/m3增加为 0 .17g/m3;各高度层的云粒子谱也产生了相应的变化。这个实例验证了实施碘化银催化对作业云的微物理结构产生了影响。Based on the PMS data of an artificial precipitation in a stratiform cloud system in Liaoning Province on June 29,1995, the difference between seeded and unseeded clouds' microphysical characteristics is studied, such as the liquid water content in the clouds, the concentrations of the cloud droplet and the rain drop or the snow crystal, the vertical variation of the cloud particle spectra with height, etc.. The results indicate that the liquid water content at the height about the seeding layer (height: 4.0～5.5 km, temperature: -4.5～ -13.8 ℃ ) is 0.02～0.03 g/m 3, the maximum of this measured clouds. The concentration of the ice crystal only has 1 000～2 000 m -3. So seeding this layer is feasible. After seeding a lot of ice crystals at the seeding layer are produced. The ice crystals and the super-cooled cloud droplets coexist in the layer at the same time, so the concentration of the cloud droplet decreased from 34.38 cm -3 to 8.97 cm -3, super-cooled liquid water content decreased from 0.015 g/m 3 to 0.005 g/m 3. And the concentration of the ice (or snow) crystals increased from 618 m -3 to 2267 m -3, water content increased from 0.10 g/m 3 to 0.17 g/m 3. The cloud particle spectra can also be changed differently with height. The effect of seeding AgI to stratiform cloud on the microphysical structure is obvious.

关 键 词：人工催化 层状云 微物理效应 

分 类 号：P414.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]